介绍
通过 smartctl 的手册页可以看到如下一段话
smartctl controls the Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology (SMART) system built into most ATA/SATA and
SCSI/SAS hard drives and solid-state drives. The purpose of SMART is to monitor the reliability of the hard drive and pre‐
dict drive failures, and to carry out different types of drive self-tests. smartctl also supports some features not related
to SMART. This version of smartctl is compatible with ACS-2, ATA8-ACS, ATA/ATAPI-7 and earlier standards (see REFERENCES
below).
smartctl工具用来实现操作系统上的ATA/SATA、SCSI/SAS、SSD等物理设备的监控、分析及使用情况报告。SMART指的是对硬盘等设备的可靠性监控及预测磁盘可能存在的故障，并根据硬盘形态进行不同程度的自检。smartctl的版本可以兼容众多磁盘规范，例如 ACS-2、ATA8-ACS、ATA/ATAPI-7 及更早期的一些磁盘标准。
Smartctl 工具对于 Linux操作系统的日常运维非常有用，可以对多种接口类型的磁盘进行故障检查，并将数据以报告的形式展现出来。
很多的 Linux 发行版已经内置了 smartctl 工具，你可以通过 rpm -qa | grep smartmontools 查看软件包是否安装。
[root@server ~]# rpm -qa | grep smartmontools
smartmontools-6.5-1.el7.x86_64
若未安装，可通过 yum 或 apt 进行安装
# redhat
[root@server ~]# yum install smartmontools
# debian,ubuntu
[root@server ~]# apt-get install smartmontools
smartmontools 提供了两种使用模式
- 以服务模式运行：通过
smartd服务及配置文件来对服务器上的磁盘按照规则进行自检，需要开启smartd.service服务 - 以命令行模式运行：以终端命令行的方式对磁盘进行自检，无需开启
smartd服务
使用
smartctl 提供了众多用于查看硬盘信息的方法
-
查看硬盘的基本参数 (设备型号、厂商、驱动版本等)
[root@server ~]# smartctl -i /dev/sda smartctl 6.5 2016-05-07 r4318 [x86_64-linux-3.10.0-957.27.2.el7.x86_64] (local build) Copyright (C) 2002-16, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org === START OF INFORMATION SECTION === Model Family: Seagate Momentus 7200.4 Device Model: ST9160412AS Serial Number: 5VG4H9G3 LU WWN Device Id: 5 000c50 02470255d Firmware Version: B006HPM1 User Capacity: 160,041,885,696 bytes [160 GB] Sector Size: 512 bytes logical/physical Rotation Rate: 7200 rpm Form Factor: 2.5 inches Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show] ATA Version is: ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 4 SATA Version is: SATA 2.6, 3.0 Gb/s Local Time is: Thu Dec 9 15:11:08 2021 CST SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability. SMART support is: Enabled -
查看硬盘的所有
smart信息[root@server ~]# smartctl -a /dev/sda # 对于raid设备, 需要加上 `-d megaraid,{n}` n 为raid控制器的编号 [root@server ~]# #smartctl -a /dev/sda -d megaraid,{n} -
查看硬盘的所有
smart和非smart的信息[root@server ~]# smartctl -x /dev/sdb -
查看系统上的所有设备
[root@server ~]# smartctl --scan /dev/sda -d scsi # /dev/sda, SCSI device /dev/sdb -d scsi # /dev/sdb, SCSI device /dev/sdd -d scsi # /dev/sdd, SCSI device /dev/sde -d scsi # /dev/sde, SCSI device -
查看
non-smart设备的配置# -g 可选参数 {aam, apm, lookahead, security, wcache, rcache, wcreorder} [root@server ~]# smartctl -g apm /dev/sda smartctl 6.5 2016-05-07 r4318 [x86_64-linux-3.10.0-957.27.2.el7.x86_64] (local build) Copyright (C) 2002-16, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org APM feature is: Disabled -
指定模式查询磁盘信息
# -q 可选参数 {errorsonly, silent, noserial} [root@server ~]# smartctl -a -q noserial /dev/sda # 不打印硬盘的序列号 [root@server ~]# smartctl -a -q silent /dev/sda # 静默模式,不会输出任何信息 [root@server ~]# smartctl -a -q errorsonly /dev/sda -l error # 将硬盘相关的错误信息记录到smart日志中，并在开机的时候展示在启动界面 -
查看指定类型的硬盘信息
# -d 可选参数 {ata, scsi, nvme[,NSID], sat[,auto][,N][+TYPE], usbcypress[,X], usbjmicron[,p][,x][,N], usbprolific, usbsunplus, marvell, areca,N/E, 3ware,N, hpt,L/M/N, megaraid,N, aacraid,H,L,ID, cciss,N, auto, test} [root@server ~]# smartctl -a -d megaraid,0 /dev/sda [root@server ~]# smartctl -a -d scsi /dev/sda -
查看硬盘的健康状况
[root@server ~]# smartctl -H /dev/sda smartctl 6.5 2016-05-07 r4318 [x86_64-linux-3.10.0-957.27.2.el7.x86_64] (local build) Copyright (C) 2002-16, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION === SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED -
long类型的硬盘测试[root@server ~]# smartctl --test=long /dev/sda smartctl 6.5 2016-05-07 r4318 [x86_64-linux-3.10.0-957.27.2.el7.x86_64] (local build) Copyright (C) 2002-16, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org === START OF OFFLINE IMMEDIATE AND SELF-TEST SECTION === Sending command: "Execute SMART Extended self-test routine immediately in off-line mode". Drive command "Execute SMART Extended self-test routine immediately in off-line mode" successful. Testing has begun. Please wait 42 minutes for test to complete. Test will complete after Thu Dec 9 16:50:50 2021 Use smartctl -X to abort test. -
启用硬盘的
smart功能[root@server ~]# smartctl --smart=on --offlineauto=on --saveauto=on /dev/sda注：一些硬盘是不支持
smart的，因此虽然可以通过smartctl展示出来，但无法查看硬盘的详细参数。
