* 用英语自身来理解和学习英语是最好的方式,《英读廊》是《满庭说英语》中的拓展阅读系列,这一系列的文章力求帮助大家在英语阅读能力上有所提升,并树立英语思维;
* 推荐的阅读的方法是:先原文,适当看解析阅读,还有疑惑再看双语对照。
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* 本篇文章难度系数8.3,由《小仙英语伴读》人工智能难度分析系统提供评分。
Why do many doctors work in crazy 24-36 hours shifts?
【译】为什么许多医生24-36小时轮班工作?
【单词】crazy ['krey-zee]['kreɪzi] adj. 疯狂的 adv. 疯狂地
【单词】shifts 原型:shift [shift][ʃɪft] n. 轮班;变化
Shouldn't they be more prone to make a mistake because they're tired?
【译】难道他们不会因为疲劳而更容易出差错吗?
【单词】prone [prohn][prəʊn] adj. 易于 ... 的;有 ... 倾向的
【单词】mistake [mi-'steyk][mɪ'steɪk] n. 错误;过失
【单词】tired 原型:tire [tahyuhr]['taɪə] v. 使疲倦;厌烦;劳累
Isn't that dangerous?
【译】那不是很危险吗?
【单词】dangerous ['deyn-jer-uhs]['deɪndʒərəs] adj. 危险的;不安全的
I'm an internal medicine resident in Canada.
【译】我是在加拿大的内科住院医师。
【单词】internal [in-'tur-nl][ɪn'tɜːnl] adj. 国内的;内部的;身内的
【单词】medicine ['med-uh-sin]['medsn] n. 药;医学
【单词】resident ['rez-i-duh nt]['rezɪdənt] n. 住院医生
【专有名词】Canada['kan-uh-duh]['kænədə] n. 加拿大(位于北美洲北部)
The maximum we work is generally 26 hours but I have had some days as long as 30 hours (which go against our residency contract, but anyway...) We are not necessarily awake the whole time, I would say I am usually able to get at least a short 30min nap, but I have had many many sleepless nights and days.
【译】我们最多工作26个小时,但我有几天长达30个小时(这违反了我们的驻院合同,但无论如何…)我们不需要一直不睡觉,我想说,我通常能够得到至少30分钟的小睡,但我确实有很多很多无法睡觉的日夜。
【短语】not necessarily表示“未必;不一定”。如:Frustrations are not necessarily bad things in life.
【短语】at least 至少;例句:At least, I asked him not to. 至少,我告诉过他不要这样做。
【单词】maximum ['mak-suh-muhm]['mæksɪməm] n. 最大量;最大限度
【单词】residency ['rez-i-duhn-see]['rezɪdənsi] n. (美)高级专科住院实习(期).
【单词】anyway ['en-ee-wey]['eniweɪ] adv. 不管怎样;无论如何
【单词】nap [nap][næp] n. 小睡
【单词】sleepless ['sleep-lis]['sliːpləs] adj. 无眠的;睡不着的
Some services may do weekend call where they are on call for 72 hours straight but not in hospital.
【译】有些医疗服务可能会进行在周末叫人去,在连续72小时待命但不一定需要在医院现场的情况下。
【单词】weekend ['week-end, -'end][ˌwiːk'end] n. 周末
【单词】straight [streyt][streɪt] adj. 直的;连续的
That being said, all you need are a couple bad cases or unfortunate things to happen and you could be working nearly straight all weekend.
【译】也就是说,只需要一些糟糕的情况或不幸的事情发生,你可能就只能整个周末都一直工作。
【单词】unfortunate [uhn-'fawr-chuh-nit][ʌn'fɔːtʃənət] adj. 不幸的;令人遗憾的
【单词】happen ['hap-uhn]['hæpən] vi. 发生;碰巧;出现
One of the variables most closely associated with errors is patient hand over, so partly one reason why we work these hours is to reduce the number of times a patients care is handed over.
【译】与差错最密切相关的变化因素之一是病人的交接,因此我们工作这么多时间的部分原因是为了减少病人的护理交接次数。
【单词】variables 原型:variable ['vair-ee-uh-buhl]['veəriəbl] n. 变量;易变的东西
【单词】closely ['kləʊsli] adv. 紧密地;接近地;严密地
【单词】associated 原型:associate [uh-'soh-shee-eyt][ə'səʊʃieɪt] vt. 联想;联合;有联系
【单词】errors 原型:error ['er-er]['erə] n. 错误;过失;误差;谬误
【单词】patient ['pey-shuhnt]['peɪʃnt] n. 病人
【单词】partly ['pahrt-lee]['pɑːtli] adv. 在一定程度上;部分地;不完全地
【单词】reduce [ri-'doos, -'dyoos][rɪ'djuːs] v. 减少;缩小
I imagine it like a game of telephone where a phrase is whispered around the circle and by the end of it sounds totally different.
【译】我把它想象成一个电话游戏,一句话在连续几个打电话和接听者之间传递之后,最后听起来是完全不同的意思。
【单词】imagine [ih-'maj-in][ɪ'mædʒɪn] vt. 想像;设想;认为
【单词】telephone ['tel-uh-fohn]['telɪfəʊn] n. 电话,打电话
【单词】phrase [freyz][freɪz] n. 短语;措辞
【单词】whispered 原型:whisper ['hwis-per, 'wis-per]['wɪspə] vt. 耳语;私语;低声说
【单词】circle ['sur-kuhl]['sɜːkl] n. 圆圈;圈子
【单词】totally ['toht-l-ee]['təʊtəli] adv. 完全
Personally I have not noted making any catastrophic mistakes towards the end of a shift but I do not do procedures as a rule overnight or at end of a call shift unless absolutely necessary.
【译】就我个人而言,我没有注意到在轮班结束时犯过任何灾难性的错误,但除非绝对必要,否则我通常不会在夜间或呼叫轮班结束时执行这个步骤。
【单词】personally ['pur-suh-nl-ee]['pɜːsənəli] adv. 就个人而言;作为个人
【单词】catastrophic [kat-uh-'strof-ik][ˌkætə'strɒfɪk] adj. 灾难的;灾难性的
【单词】procedures 原型:procedure [pruh-'see-jer][prə'siːdʒə] n. 程序;手续;步骤;过程
【单词】rule [rool][ruːl] n. 规则;条例;习惯
【单词】overnight ['oh-ver-'nahyt][ˌəʊvə'naɪt] adv. 在夜里
【单词】unless [uhn-'les, uhn-][ən'les] conj. 除非;如果不 prep. 除 ... 外
【单词】absolutely [ab-suh-'loot-lee]['æbsəluːtli] adv. 完全地;绝对地
I know I have definitely forgotten information when handing over to the next physician in the morning though just from sheer exhaustion.
【译】我知道我在早上交给下一个医生的时候肯定会忘记一些信息,尽管只是因为筋疲力尽。
【单词】definitely ['def-uh-nit-lee]['defɪnətli] adv. 肯定地;当然地;明确地
【单词】forgotten 原型:forget [fer-'get][fə'ɡet] v. 忘记;忽略
【单词】physician [fi-'zish-uhn][fɪ'zɪʃn] n. 内科医生
【单词】sheer [sheer][ʃɪə] adj. 全然的
【单词】exhaustion [ig-'zaws-chuhn][ɪɡ'zɔːstʃən] n. 疲惫;筋疲力尽;竭尽
Also, I know residents who have been in accidents when driving home from the hospital after being awake for 30+ hours.
【译】另外,我认识一些医生,他们在不睡觉30多个小时后从医院开车回家时发生了事故。
【单词】accidents 原型:accident ['ak-si-duhnt]['æksɪdənt] n. 事故;意外
【单词】driving 原型:drive [drahyv][draɪv] v. 开车
In terms of "why not increase the number of residents/medical students" question - it's slightly different in Canada due to our healthcare system.
【译】关于“为什么不增加住院医师/医学生人数”的问题,由于我们的医疗体系,加拿大的情况略有不同。
【短语】due to 多数表示“由于;因为”。如:This accident was due to his careless driving.同时,due 与to 单配,还可以表示“付给某人”,如:Respect is due to older people.
【短语】in terms of ... 依据...;按照...;在…方面;例句:In terms of money, he's quite rich, but not in terms of happiness. 就钱来说他很富有,但就幸福来说就不然了。
【单词】slightly [slahyt]['slaɪtli] adv. 些微地;稍微
【单词】healthcare ['helth-kair]['helθkeə] 保健
Our resident salary is government funded and so the government determines how many residency spots they are willing to fund each year.
【译】我们的住院医师工资由政府资助,因此政府决定他们每年愿意资助多少个医疗场所。
【短语】be willing to do表示“乐意做某事”。be too willing to do表示非常愿意做某事,表达强烈感情色彩。如:There's not enough people willing to take the risk. 没有足够的人愿意冒这个险。
【单词】salary ['sal-uh-ree]['sæləri] n. 薪水
【单词】funded 原型:fund [fuhnd][fʌnd] vt. 资助
【单词】determines 原型:determine [dih-'tur-min][dɪ'tɜːmɪn] v. 决定;决心;确定
【单词】spots 原型:spot [spot][spɒt] n. 地点;场所;职位
This is in turn determined by things like patient loads and safety, job prospects (eg. neurosurgery jobs are tough to come by so there are fewer residents each year).
【译】这反过来又取决于病人的负担和安全、工作前景(例如神经外科工作很难找到,所以每年住院人数较少)。
【短语】in turn表示“依次;轮流地;相应地;转而”。如:(1) That in turn damages their health. 这反过来将损害他们的健康。(2) The children went on the bus in turn.孩子们依次上了公共汽车。另外,in turn还可表示“回报”,如: took Sally out to lunch,and she took me out in turn.我请了萨莉出去吃午餐,作为回报,她也请了我一次。
【单词】loads 原型:load [lohd][ləʊd] n. 负荷;重担
【单词】safety ['seyf-tee]['seɪfti] n. 安全;保险
【单词】prospects 原型:prospect ['pros-pekt]['prɒspekt] n. 希望;前景
【单词】eg 名词 abbr. <拉>例如 =exempli gratia
【单词】neurosurgery [nyoor-oh-'sur-juh-ree]['njʊərəʊsɜːdʒəri] n. 神经外科
【单词】tough [tuhf][tʌf] adj. 棘手的,难办的;艰苦的
So it's not as simple as just opening up more spots, because ultimately the money has to come from somewhere AND this person needs a job at the end of all of this 13 years of post secondary education.
【译】因此,这并不是简单地开设更多的医疗场所,因为最终资金必须来自某个地方,而这个人需要在这13年的专科教育结束后找到一份工作。
【单词】ultimately ['ʌltɪmətli] adv. 最后;最终
【单词】somewhere ['suhm-hwair, -wair]['sʌmweə] adv. 在某处;到某种程度;大约 n. 某处
【单词】post [pohst][pəʊst] adv. 之后地
【单词】secondary ['sek-uhn-der-ee]['sekəndri] adj. 次要的;从属的;中等教育的
Physicians (for the most part) aren't just going to walk away from a dying patient.
【译】绝大多数医生不愿意从一个垂死需要救治的病人身边离开。
【单词】dying 原型:die [dahy][daɪ] v. 死