★★Actions & Comparisons 行动与比较

These people are having a meeting.  83

The woman is giving a presentation/ˌpriːzenˈteɪʃn/(演示). 

       have / hold a meeting 召开会议 ； give / make a presentation  做报告

This person is having a scary/ˈskeri/(可怕的) dream.  88

In his dream, something is chasing him, so he is running as fast as he can.  84

       scary 可怕的 →  have adream 做梦 ； have a scary dream 做噩梦 ； sweet / nice dream 好梦

       → eg ：Sweet dreams！ 祝你做个好梦！

       chase 追逐、追赶 → eg ：Children like chasing each other. 小孩子喜欢追逐玩闹

 as+副词+as sb. can：表示某人尽到最大努力做到怎样→ as fast as he can 拼命跑，尽力跑

       → eg ：He is eating as much as he can. 他敞开了肚子吃，能吃多少吃多少

                   She is working as hard as she can. 她努力工作，能多拼就有多拼

       as…as sb. can → as…as possible  → as soon as possible（ASAP）= as soon as you can 尽快

This old man is a tourist.

He is looking out the window of histour bus(观光巴士).   81

       tour（旅游）+ist （干某事的人）= tourist（游客） →  art + ist = artist 艺术家

       look out   1)朝外看 → eg ：He is looking out the window of his tour bus. 他正坐在观光巴士里看向窗外

                        2)小心 → eg ： Look out ! There's a car coming ! 小心！有车要来了

This young couple(夫妇) is in anart museum(艺术博物馆). 85

They are looking at a famous painting. 

       the Palace Museum 故宫博物院

The Sun is setting behind the mountains. 太阳落在山后   85

The sky is turning red.  84

       set（太阳、月亮）落下 → sunset 日落 

       turn + 形容词 → eg ：Leaves turn yellow in autumn. 秋天叶子会变黄

跟读1：She's giving a presentation at a meeting. 90

复述1：Some buses , like this one , take tourists to places like the Great Wall. 82

The longest line is the one on the top.

The top line is the longest of the three lines. 顶上的线是三条线里最长的

The shortest line is the one in the middle. 87

The line in the middle is shorter than the other two.   83 中间的线比其他两条线短

The bottom line is the shortest.  81 

The shortest of these three lines is the one on the bottom.  82 三条线里最短的是最下面的那条

The shirt on the left is more expensive than the shirt on the right. 

The shirt on the right is less expensive than the shirt on the left.  75

       比较级：more expensive 更贵 ； less expensive 比较不贵（更便宜）

       更不…：less+形容词原级 ； 最不…：least+形容词原级

The shirt on the left isn't as expensive as the one on the right.  81

     as+形容词+as+某物：和…一样… ； not as…as ：不如…

       → eg ：I am not as tall as my brother. 我不如我哥哥高

                    The dress is not as long as that one. 这条裙子不如那条长

The shirt on the left costs less than the one on the right. 83

The shirt on the left is more expensive than the shirt on the right.

        原级 → 比较级（更……）(基本形式：形容词+ er 或 more +形容词) →  最高级（最……）(基本形式：形容词+ est 或 most +形容词)

单音节形容词变化规则

1）大部分单音节形容词：比较级：原级+er ； 最高级：原级+est ；long→longer→longst

2）以e结尾的单音节形容词：比较级：原级+r ； 最高级：原级+st；large→larger→largest

3）以"辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母"的组合：比较级：双写词尾字母+er ； 最高级：双写词尾字母+est；big→bigger→biggest

双音节&多音节形容词

1）以-ow , -er , -te等结尾的双音节词：遵循单音节形容词变化规；narrow→narrower→narrowest

2）结尾是y的形容词：比较级：y变i+er ； 最高级：y变i+est ；happy→happier→happiest

3）其他双音节和多音节形容词：比较级：more+原级 ； 最高级：most+原级；important→more important→most important

不规则变化的形容词

many / much →more→most

读音：long /lɔːŋ/ →longer /ˈlɔŋgər/ → longest /ˈlɔŋgəst/

          strong /strɔːŋ/ →stronger/ˈstrɔŋər/ → strongest /ˈstrɔŋgəst/

          young/jʌŋ/→yonger/'jʌŋɡər/ → youngest  /ˈjʌŋgəst/

最高级的用法：

the+形容词最高级+名词 → eg ：XiaoMing is the shortest shudent in the class. 小明是班上最矮的学生

the+最高级+of+比较范围 → eg ：The top line is the longest of the three lines. 顶上的线是三条线里最长的

比较级的用法：

A+动词+比较级+than+被比较的B → eg ：The line in the middle is shorter than the other two. 中间的线比其他两条线短

                                                                   My lover is older than me. 我的对象比我大

（形容词：用来修饰名词的某项特质的词）

1）三人/物做比较时：描述最突出的特质，使用形容词最高级形式，表示最…

2）两人/物做比较时：描述更突出的特质，使用形容词的比较级形式，表示A比B更…