一
1、获取虚拟机的IP地址
192.168.208.129
2、获取当前系统的时间
[root@hss ~]# date
Sat Jan 11 05:07:05 PM CST 2025
3、设置当前的时间为2023年1月1日12:00
[root@hss ~]# date -s 20230101
Sun Jan 1 12:00:00 AM CST 2023
4、从当前目录切换到/root/home目录，并查看/root/home下有哪些文件和目录
[root@hss ~]# mkdir /root/home
[root@hss ~]# cd /root/home
[root@hss home]# ls -a
. ..
5、打印当前的路径
[root@hss home]# pwd
/root/home
二
1、创建/root/dir1/dir2目录
[root@hss ~]# mkdir /root/dir1/dir2 -p
[root@hss ~]# ls
1.txt 444 555 aaa anaconda-ks.cfg Desktop Documents file1 home ip,log k_soft.txt Music Public Videos yasuo2.zip
3.txt 4.txt 6.txt aa.txt dabao.tar dir1 Downloads FILEI hss.txt ip.log llll.txt Pictures Templates yasuo1.tar.gz
2、在/root下创建guazai1、guazai2、guazai3......一直到guazai10目录
[root@hss ~]# mkdir guazai{1..10}
[root@hss ~]# ls
1.txt 444 555 aaa anaconda-ks.cfg Desktop Documents file1 guazai1 guazai2 guazai4 guazai6 guazai8 home ip,log k_soft.txt Music Public Videos yasuo2.zip
3.txt 4.txt 6.txt aa.txt dabao.tar dir1 Downloads FILEI guazai10 guazai3 guazai5 guazai7 guazai9 hss.txt ip.log llll.txt Pictures Templates yasuo1.tar.gz
3、删除/root/dir1/dir2目录
[root@hss ~]# rm -rf /root/dir1/dir2
[root@hss ~]# tree dir1
4、在当前路径下创建以你名字命名的文件
[root@hss ~]# touch hss.txt
[root@hss ~]# ls
1.txt 444 555 aaa anaconda-ks.cfg Desktop Documents file1 guazai1 guazai2 guazai4 guazai6 guazai8 home ip,log k_soft.txt Music Public Videos yasuo2.zip
3.txt 4.txt 6.txt aa.txt dabao.tar dir1 Downloads FILEI guazai10 guazai3 guazai5 guazai7 guazai9 hss.txt ip.log llll.txt Pictures Templates yasuo1.tar.gz
5、查看/etc/passwd文件的内容，并过滤出包含root的行
[root@hss ~]# cat /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:65534:65534:Kernel Overflow User:/:/sbin/nologin
tss:x:59:59:Account used for TPM access:/:/usr/sbin/nologin
systemd-coredump:x:999:997:systemd Core Dumper:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
polkitd:x:998:996:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
avahi:x:70:70:Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/sbin/nologin
colord:x:997:995:User for colord:/var/lib/colord:/sbin/nologin
rtkit:x:172:172:RealtimeKit:/:/sbin/nologin
pipewire:x:996:993:PipeWire System Daemon:/run/pipewire:/usr/sbin/nologin
clevis:x:995:992:Clevis Decryption Framework unprivileged user:/var/cache/clevis:/usr/sbin/nologin
sssd:x:994:991:User for sssd:/:/sbin/nologin
geoclue:x:993:990:User for geoclue:/var/lib/geoclue:/sbin/nologin
flatpak:x:992:989:User for flatpak system helper:/:/sbin/nologin
setroubleshoot:x:991:988:SELinux troubleshoot server:/var/lib/setroubleshoot:/usr/sbin/nologin
libstoragemgmt:x:986:986:daemon account for libstoragemgmt:/:/usr/sbin/nologin
gdm:x:42:42::/var/lib/gdm:/sbin/nologin
cockpit-wsinstance:x:985:984:User for cockpit-ws instances:/nonexisting:/sbin/nologin
gnome-initial-setup:x:984:983::/run/gnome-initial-setup/:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/usr/share/empty.sshd:/usr/sbin/nologin
chrony:x:983:982:chrony system user:/var/lib/chrony:/sbin/nologin
dnsmasq:x:982:981:Dnsmasq DHCP and DNS server:/var/lib/dnsmasq:/usr/sbin/nologin
tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin
redhat:x:1000:1000:redhat:/home/redhat:/bin/bash
[root@hss ~]# cat /etc/passwd | grep root
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
6、使用echo命令输出"Hello, World!"到屏幕上。
[root@hss ~]# echo "Hello,World!"
Hello,World!
7、提取/etc/passwd第一列的内容
[root@hss ~]# cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd
root
bin
daemon
adm
lp
sync
shutdown
halt
mail
operator
games
ftp
nobody
tss
systemd-coredump
dbus
polkitd
avahi
colord
rtkit
pipewire
clevis
sssd
geoclue
flatpak
setroubleshoot
libstoragemgmt
gdm
cockpit-wsinstance
gnome-initial-setup
sshd
chrony
dnsmasq
tcpdump
redhat
8、为/root/anaconda-ks.cfg 文件创建软链接到/下并命名为a.cfg
[root@hss ~]# ln -s /root/anaconda-ks.cfg /a.cfg
[root@hss ~]# echo kkk > anaconda-ks.cfg
[root@hss ~]# cat /a.cfg
kkk
9、复制/etc/shadow文件到/root下
[root@hss ~]# cp /etc/shadow /root/
[root@hss ~]# tree /root
/root
├── 1.txt
├── 3.txt
├── 444
│ ├── 111.txt
│ ├── 2.c
│ ├── 3.txt
│ ├── 6.txt
│ ├── 7.txt
│ └── a.txt
├── 4.txt
├── 555
│ ├── 444
│ ├── 6.txt
│ ├── aaa
│ ├── aa.txt
│ └── file1
├── 6.txt
├── aaa
│ └── bbb
│ └── ccc
│ └── ddd
│ └── eee
│ └── fff
│ └── ggg
│ └── k.txt
├── aa.txt
├── anaconda-ks.cfg
├── dabao.tar
├── Desktop
├── dir1
│ ├── guazai1
│ ├── guazai10
│ ├── guazai2
│ ├── guazai3
│ ├── guazai4
│ ├── guazai5
│ ├── guazai6
│ ├── guazai7
│ ├── guazai8
│ └── guazai9
├── Documents
├── Downloads
│ └── 222
├── file1
├── FILEI
├── guazai1
├── guazai10
├── guazai2
├── guazai3
├── guazai4
├── guazai5
├── guazai6
├── guazai7
├── guazai8
├── guazai9
├── home
├── hss.txt
├── ip,log
├── ip.log
├── k_soft.txt -> /root/aaa/bbb/ccc/ddd/eee/fff/ggg/k.txt
├── llll.txt
├── Music
├── Pictures
│ ├── Screenshot from 2025-01-11 16-59-54.png
│ └── Screenshot from 2025-01-11 17-00-00.png
├── Public
├── shadow
├── Templates
├── Videos
├── yasuo1.tar.gz
└── yasuo2.zip
42 directories, 29 files
10、查找以repo结尾的文件
[root@hss ~]# find / -name "*repo"
/run/media/root/RHEL-9-5-0-BaseOS-x86_64/media.repo
/etc/yum.repos.d/redhat.repo
/root/.local/share/flatpak/repo
/var/lib/flatpak/repo
/var/lib/rhsm/repo_server_val/redhat.repo
/usr/lib64/python3.9/site-packages/librepo
/usr/share/licenses/librepo
/usr/share/doc/librepo
/usr/share/rhel/secrets/redhat.repo
[root@hss ~]#
11、把/etc/gshadow 和/root/home打包压缩为/root/ys.tar.gz
[root@hss ~]# tar -czvf /root/ys.tar.gz /etc/gshadow /root/home
tar: Removing leading /' from member names /etc/gshadow tar: Removing leading/' from hard link targets
/root/home/
[root@hss ~]#
