AndroidManifest.xml:

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CALL_PHONE" />

MainActivity.java:

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        Button makeCall = findViewById(R.id.make_call);
        makeCall.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                //判断用户是不是已经给过我们授权了，checkSelfPermission（）传入两个参数
                //第一个是Context，第二个是权限名
                if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this,
                        Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    //requestPermissions()申请授权，传入三个参数，第一个参数Activity的实例，
                    //第二个参数是一个Sting数组，把申请的权限名放在数组里
                    //第三个参数是请求码
                    ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this,
                            new String[]{Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE}, 1);
                } else {
                    call();
                }
            }
        });
    }

    private void call() {
        try {
            Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_CALL);
            intent.setData(Uri.parse("tel:10086"));
            startActivity(intent);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions,
                                           int[] grantResults) {
        switch (requestCode) {
            case 1:
                if (grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    call();
                } else {
                    Toast.makeText(this, "You denied the permission", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
                break;
            default:
        }
    }
}

activity_main.xml：

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context="com.lnjr.runtimepermissiontest.MainActivity">
   <Button
       android:id="@+id/make_call"
       android:text="Make Call"
       android:layout_width="match_parent"
       android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

</LinearLayout>