关于Django返回json数据类型的三两事

最初使用django，搞的是前后端不分离的项目，后来搞前后端分离又直接用的DRF,突然心血来潮使用django框架，想要返回json数据时却遇到了问题。

随便写了个demo，如下：
models

class Book(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(verbose_name='书名', max_length=50)
    category = models.CharField(verbose_name='类别', max_length=30)

    create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name='创建时间', auto_now_add=True)

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '书籍'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

views

import json

from django.core import serializers
from django.http import JsonResponse

from book.models import Book


def get_books(request):
    books = Book.objects.all()
    books_json = json.loads(serializers.serialize('json', books))
    data = {
        'code': '001',
        'data': books_json
    }
    return JsonResponse(data)

url

from django.urls import path

from .views import get_books

urlpatterns = [
    path('all_books/', get_books),
]

根url

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('book/', include('book.urls'))
]

浏览器展示.png

WTF？显示的model等信息，我完全不想要啊

BUT 我搜了一下也没啥好方法————于是我又使用了drf搞一下

首先安装djangorestframework,注册
创建serializer文件

from rest_framework import serializers

from book.models import Book


class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Book
        fields = "__all__"

view---之前的没删，做对比吧

import json

from django.core import serializers
from django.http import JsonResponse
from rest_framework import viewsets

from book.models import Book
from book.serializers import BookSerializer


def get_books(request):
    books = Book.objects.all()
    books_json = json.loads(serializers.serialize('json', books))
    data = {
        'code': '001',
        'data': books_json
    }
    return JsonResponse(data)


class BookViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

    def get_queryset(self):
        return Book.objects.all()

根url

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include
from rest_framework import routers

from book.views import BookViewSet

router = routers.DefaultRouter()
router.register(r'books', BookViewSet, basename='books')

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('', include(router.urls)),
    path('book/', include('book.urls'))
]

浏览器运行结果：

image.png

好了，舒服了，又回到DRF了....囧

当然如果想要同时返回自定义状态码code或者msg,也很简单
如

image.png

在settings.py中加上配置信息

REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    'EXCEPTION_HANDLER': 'utils.exceptions.exception_handler',  # 异常处理
    'DEFAULT_SCHEMA_CLASS': 'rest_framework.schemas.AutoSchema',
    'DEFAULT_RENDERER_CLASSES': (
        'utils.returnRenderer.MyJSONRenderer',  # 自定义返回附加信息
    ),
}

其中可以简单的定义一下returnRenderer.py文件

from rest_framework.renderers import JSONRenderer


class MyJSONRenderer(JSONRenderer):
    """
    {
        code:0
        msg:'请求成功',
        data:''
    }
    """

    def render(self, data, accepted_media_type=None, renderer_context=None):
        # 返回来的数据中包含了code和mag，可以通过pop拿出来
        if isinstance(data, dict):
            code = data.pop('code', 200)
            msg = data.pop('msg', '请求成功')
        else:
            code = 0
            msg = '请求成功'

        res = {
            'code': code,
            'msg': msg,
            'data': data
        }

        return super().render(res, accepted_media_type=None, renderer_context=None)

贴一个之前写的demo

class LatestBooksViewSet(GenericViewSet, ListModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin):
    serializer_class = BookSerializer
    filter_backends = (DjangoFilterBackend,)
    filter_class = BookFilter

    def get_queryset(self):
        return Book.objects.all().order_by('-book_date')

    def retrieve(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        try:
            instance = self.get_object()
            serializer = self.get_serializer(instance)
            return Response(serializer.data)
        except:
            data = {
                'code': 1010,
                'msg': '图书不存在'
            }

        return Response(data)