Lesson 25 The Cutty Sark “卡蒂萨克”号帆船

【New words and expressions】生词和短语

●impressive   adj.给人深刻印象的

●steamship    n.蒸汽轮船

●vessel     n.轮船，大木船

●era     n.时期，时代

●Java   n.爪哇（印度尼西亚一岛）

●rudder    n.舵

●roll    v.颠簸，摇摆

●steer  v.掌握方向

●temporary    adj.临时的

●plank n.大块木板

●fit v.安装

●Equator  n.赤道

●delay n.耽误

■impressive adj. 给人深刻印象的

This is aimpressive thing.

impression n. 印象

make a lasting

impression on sb: 给某人以不可磨灭的印象

have a falseimpression of sb:  对某人有错误的看法

give sb impression

that: 给某人印象

impress vt.

impress sb. 给某人留下印象

impress sb withsth     用…给某人留下印象

L24-05_25-01  end 10’12”

L25-02  begin 10’53”

■steamship n. 蒸汽轮船

■vessel n. 轮船，大木船

vessel（正式的词汇）可代替ship,boat. 用于文学体

a sailing vessel,a fishing vessel

boat 比ship小，可以替换ship(非正式文体)

a fishing boat

■era n. 时期，时代

era:  “纪元”，地球、人类社会历史上的一个很长的时期，以特别事物或发展为标志

the beginning ofnew era

the end of old era

times:历史上的一个阶段”时代，时期”

in ancient times

in classic times

Roman times

age:  特定的历史阶段（大写，构成专有名词）

a stone age 石器时代

the space age 太空时代

This is abeganning of era

■Java n. 爪哇（印度尼西亚一岛）

■rudder n. 舵

■roll v. 颠簸，摇摆

■steer v. 掌握方向

steer: 驾驶水路交通工具，强调掌握方向，导航

drive: 开汽车，火车

pilot: 操纵轮船，飞机

He steers the boatsuddenly.

He piloted hisplane.

■temporary adj. 临时的

temporary jobs /house

temporarily adv.

temporariness n.

==transient:短暂的，瞬间的

反义：permanent: 永久的

contemporary: 当代的

■plank n. 大块木板

■fit v. 安装

■Equator n. 赤道

■delay n. 耽误

【Text】

§ Lesson 25 The Cutty Sark “卡蒂萨克”号帆船

Listen to the tapethen answer the question below.

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[endif] What piece ofbad luck prevented the Cutty Sark from winning the race?

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[endif]One of the mostfamous sailing ships of the nineteenth century, the Cutty Sark, can still beseen at Greenwich. She stands on dry land and is visited by thousands of peopleeach year. She serves as an impressive reminder of the great ships of the past.Before they were replaced by steamships, sailing vessels like the Cutty Sarkwere used to carry tea from China and wool from Australia. The Cutty Sark wasone of the fastest sailing ships that has ever been built. The only other shipto match her was the Thermopylae. Both these ships set out from Shanghai onJune 18th, 1872 on an exciting race to England. This race, which went on forexactly four months, was the last of its kind. It marked the end of the greattradition of ships with sails and the beginning of a new era.

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[endif]The first of the twoships to reach Java after the race had begun was the Thermopylae, but on theIndian Ocean, the Cutty Sark took the lead. It seemed certain that she would bethe first ship home, but during the race she had a lot of bad luck. In August,she was struck by a very heavy storm during which her rudder was torn away. TheCutty Sark rolled from side to side and it became impossible to steer her. Atemporary rudder was made on board from spare planks and it was fitted withgreat difficulty. This greatly reduced the speed of the ship, for there wasdanger that if she travelled too quickly, this rudder would be torn away aswell. Because of this, the Cutty Sark lost her lead. After crossing theequator, the captain called in at a port to have a new rudder fitted, but bynow the Thermopylae was over five hundred miles ahead. Though the new rudderwas fitted at tremendous speed, it was impossible for the Cutty Sark to win.She arrived in England a week after the Thermopylae. Even this was remarkable,considering that she had had so many delays. There is no doubt that if she hadnot lost her rudder she would have won the race easily.

参考译文

人们在格林威治仍可看到19世纪最有名的帆船之一“卡蒂萨克”号。它停在陆地上，每年接待成千上万的参观者。它给人们留下深刻的印象，使人们回忆起历史上的巨型帆船，在蒸汽船取代帆船之前。“卡蒂萨克”号之类的帆船被用来从中国运回茶叶，从澳大利亚运回羊毛。“卡蒂萨克”号是帆船制造史上建造的最快的一艘帆船。唯一可以与之一比高低的是“塞姆皮雷”号帆船。两船于1872年6月18日同时从上海启航驶往英国，途中展开了一场激烈的比赛。这场比赛持续了整整4个月，是这类比赛中的最后一次，它标志着帆船伟大传统的结束与一个新纪元的开始。

比赛开始后，“赛姆皮雷”号率先抵达爪哇岛。但在印度洋上，“卡萨萨克”号驶到了前面。看来，它首先返抵英国是确信无疑的了，但它却在比赛中连遭厄运。8月份“卡蒂萨克”号遭到一场特大风暴的袭击，失去了一只舵。船身左右摇晃，无法操纵。船员用备用的木板在船上赶制了一只应急用的舵，并克服重重困难将舵安装就位，这样一来，大大降低了船的航速。因为船不能开得太快，否则就有危险，应急舵也会被刮走。因为这个缘故，“卡蒂萨克”号落到了后面。跨越赤道后，船长将船停靠在一个港口，在那儿换了一只舵。但此时，“赛姆皮雷”号早已在500多英里之遥了。尽管换装新舵时分秒必争，但“卡蒂萨克”号已经不可能取胜了，它抵达英国时比“塞姆皮雷”号晚了1个星期。但考虑到路上的多次耽搁，这个成绩也已很不容易了。毫无疑问，如果中途没有失去舵， “卡帝萨克”号肯定能在比赛中轻易夺冠。

【课文讲解】

one of the most

famous ...最著名的......之一

背熟：She stands on dry land and is visited bythousands of people each year.

dry land:陆地

背熟：She serves as an impressive reminder of thegreat ships of the past.

serve as:(=act as

)“起…作用”

impressive

reminder :深刻的印象，作为......的回忆

replace vt. ==takeplace of

L25-02  end 10’53”

L25-03  begin 10’11”

stemship:汽船

sailing ship

/sailing vessel: 帆船

match:( = be equal

to )与......相匹敌，相比

match in / for

The only othership to match her was the Thermopylae.

动词不定式to作定语，修饰theonly other ship

背诵：Both these ships set out from Shanghai onJune 18th, 1872 on an exciting race to England.

背诵：This race, which went on for exactly fourmonths, was the last of its kind. It marked the end of the great tradition ofships with sails and the beginning of a new era.

which----指代this race, 引导非限定性定语从句

帆船：ships with sail, sailing ships, sailingvessels

marked the end of

: 标志…的结束

The first of thetwo ships to reach Java after the race had begun was the Thermopylae,...

可改为：after the race had begun the first of thetwo ships to reach Java was the Thermopylae,...

take thelead:      处于领先地位== gointo the lead

lose thelead:      失去领先地位

in the lead:        处于领先地位（状态）

take over the

lead: 取得领先地位

she was struck bya very heavy storm during which her rudder was torn away.

...was struck by a

very heavy storm... 严重地遇到了雨／雪

be caught in therian/snow  遇到了雨／雪

during 介词，用于关系代词which 之前，during the race, during the storm

L25-03  end 10’11”

L25-04  begin 11’04”

torn away =destroyed , pull down

it became

impossible to steer her (省略掉for captain)

there was a danger

that+同位语从句  ……会有危险

the captain calledin at a port to have a new rudder fitted,

call in at: （船）停靠，（人）拜访

to = in order to,

so as to “目的是”

have sth. done:

but by now theThermopylae was over five hundred miles ahead.

by now = so far

at tremendous

speed:以极快的速度

considering 连接词，用来引导完整的语句

considering that考虑到………

So we should forgivehim considering that he is ill badly.

There is no doubtthat if she had not lost her rudder she would have won the race easily.

There is no doubt

that...==without any doubt “毫无疑问“

There is somedoubt + wh- ...

Eg.: There is nodoubt that he is guilty.

There is somedoubt whether he is guilty.

if ----与过去事实相反的虚拟

（二册L71 P320）：If theHouses of Parliament had not been burned down in 1834, the great clock wouldnever have been erected.

If you talked less

and ate more, we would both enjoy our dinner. (二册：L40P182)

recite paragraph 2:

she was struck bya very heavy storm during which her rudder was torn away.

There is no doubtthat if she had not lost her rudder she would have won the race easily.

take the lead

lose the lead

call in at

with greatdifficulty

at tremendousspeed

It seemed certainthat

L25-04  end 11’04”

L25-05  begin 

【Multiple choice questions】

Comprehension

1  The fame of the Cutty Sark rests mainly upon_____ .

a. the number oftourists who come to visit her annually

b. her likeness toother great sailing ships of the past

c. her being oneof the last and one of the fastest of a line of great sailing ships

d. her victory inthe race against the Thermopylae

fame:名声，名誉

rest upon= rest on

2  The race which took place between the CuttySark and the Thermopylae was _____ .

a. a landmark inthe history of shipping

b. held tocelebrate the invention of the steamship

c. held especiallyfor sailing ships on the route from Shanghai to London

d. unusually slowbecause the Cutty Sark lost her ruddeer en route

landmark: 标志

3  During the race, the most remarkable feat ofthe Cutty Sark was _____ .

a. although lastto reach Java, to take the lead on the Indian Ocean

b. the fact thatshe managed to sail into port without a rudder

c. the speed atwhich she was sailing while having a new rudder fitted

d. the speed atwhich she made up the gap between her and the Thermopylae

feat:功绩

Structure

4  The Cutty Sark _____ at Greenwich. (ll.1-2)

a. is stillpossible to see      b. is able still tobe seen

c. may still beseen           d. is still possibly seen

5  Before _____ , vessels like the Cutty Sarkwere used ... (ll.4-5)

a. steamshipsreplaced sail    b. the steamshipreplaced the sailing ship

c. steamshipsreplaced sailing    d. the steam replacedthe sail

a 选项steamships:汽船，sailingships

sail: 航海，航行，风帆

冠词the和名词单数形式搭配表示一类东西

6  It seemed certain that she _____ the firstship home. (l.12)

a. would go tobe    b. would be going to be    c. went   d. was going to be

would和be going to 重复搭配

7  The Thermopylae arrived in England only aweak before _____ > (ll.19-20)

a. she did    b. she was    c. herself    d. she had arrived

before引导时间状语从句

8  _____ her rudder, there is no doubt she wouldhave won... (l.21)

a. That if she hadnot lost    b. Not having lost  

c. Were she not tolose       d. had she not lost

if引导的虚拟条件句

Vocabulary

9  ----on dry land and _____ thousands ofvisitors each year. (ll.2-3)

a. appeals to    b. attracts    c. catches    d. pulls

attract 吸引，The beautiful scenery attracts me.

appeal to 引起...兴趣，The topic of the conversatiuon neverappeals to me.

10  On June 18th, 1872 both these ships _____ anexciting race from Shanghai to England. (l.8)

a. set out on    b. departed for    c. entered    d. went for

set out :出发

set out on: 出发进行比赛

Eg: set out on thetrip/journey/excursion

depart for 去往某处

11  On the Indian Ocean, the Cutty Sark went_____ the lead. (ll.11-12)

a. into    b. on   c. for    d. after

原文：take the lead

go into the lead==take the lead

12  Even this was remarkable, _____ the numerousdelays. (ll.20-21)

a. in respectof    b. according to    c. in view of    d. accounting

considering:考虑到

in respect

of==with regard to 关于，至于

accouding to:依据

in view of 以…观点考虑到＝considering

account for

【Key to Multiple choice questions】

1. C   2. A  3. D   4. C   5. B  6. D   7. A   8. D  9. B   10. A   11. A  12. C

L25-05  end 10’37” [ Lesson 25  45:43 ]

L26-01  begin 12’55”   [ Lesson 26  46:52 ]

§ Lesson 26 Wanted: a large biscuit tin 征购大饼干筒

【New words and expressions】生词和短语

●influence v. 影响

●pride v. 骄傲

●taste n. 鉴赏力

●exert v. 施加

●subtle adj. 微妙的，难以捉摸的

●advertiser n. 做广告的人

●classify v. 分类

●magic adj. 有奇妙作用的

●sample n. 样品

●devise v. 设计，想出

●capture v. 吸引，赢得

●manufacturer n. 生产厂家，制造商

●wheelbarrow n. 独轮手推车

●boot n. （汽车尾部的）行李箱

●ingredient n. 配料

●crane n. 起重机

●anticipate v. 预期，预料

■influence v. 影响

have effect on

Eg.: Literatureand art have great influence of people’s idelogy.

Don’t beinfluenced by bad examples.

under the

influence of受…影响

Eg.: We are underthe influnce of advertisements.

have influence

over sb 有左右某人的能力

Eg.: A teacher hasinfluence over his students.

exercise influence

on sb's behalf 为某人而尽力

on sb's behalf 为某人的利益

Eg.: The boss exercisesinfluence on his employee’s behalf.

区别：influence / affect

influence:通过劝说，行为，榜样来改变一个人的行为或思想，是潜移默化的影响力

affect: 对......产生不良影响

Eg.: The badexamples will affect a lot number of students .

influential adj.有影响力的

■pride v. 骄傲

pride vt. & n.

pride oneselfon  为…感到骄傲、夸耀＝takepride in / be proud of

不能用于进行时态或被动语态

Eg.:He pridedhimself on his driving skill.

pride n.

in the pride of 处于最佳状态（顶峰）

Eg: She is stillyoung and in the pride of her beauty.

put one’s pride in

one’s pocket:控制自尊心

■taste n. 鉴赏力

Eg.: She hasexcellent taste in dress.

have excellent

taste in sth 在…上有极高的品位

a taste of  尝一口，尝一点

Eg: Oh,let me havea taste of your coffee.

in good taste: 文雅，得体

Eg: The beautifulgirl is in good taste.

in bad taste: 庸俗，不得体

taste: 有什么的味道

to one's taste: 合某人的口味，称某人的心愿

Eg: He did what hewanted to do to his taste.

There isaccounting for taste.  人各有所好。

He who has never

tasted bitter knows not what is sweet.不知黄连苦怎知蜂蜜甜呢。

tastabel 可品尝的

tasteful 有鉴赏力的

tasteless 没有味道的，乏味的

taste blindness 味盲

taste maker 时尚的首创者

Eg.: Are you tastemaker?

■exert v. 施加

exert sth on sb 对某人施加…（压力）

Eg.: His wifeexerted a lot of pressure on him to change his job.

He likes to exerthis authority on us.

exert oneself 努力，尽力

Eg.: He neverexerted himself to study hard.

exert every effort尽一切努力

exertion n.

■subtle adj. 微妙的，难以捉摸的

Eg.:Advertisements exert subtle influence on us.

subtle 敏感的，敏锐的

Eg.: He is asubtle observer.

subtly adv.微妙地，敏锐地

subtleness ==subtlety

■advertiser n. 做广告的人

advertise: 做广告

advertisement 广告

■classify v. 分类

Eg.: The bookshave been classified according to subjects.

classification n.

classified adj. 分类的，机密的

classifiable adj. 可分类的

classifier n. 分类者

■magic adj. 有奇妙作用的

■sample n. 样品

■devise v. 设计，想出

■capture v. 吸引，赢得

Eg.: His wonderfulperformance captured my attention.

capture 捕获，俘获

Eg.: The policecaptured the two thieves.

L26-01  end 12’55”

L26-02  begin 13’17”

■manufacturer n. 生产厂家，制造商

■wheelbarrow n. 独轮手推车

■boot n. （汽车尾部的）行李箱

■ingredient n. 配料

■crane n. 起重机

■anticipate v. 预期，预料

anticipate /except

anticipate : 预料到

Eg.: Our attackfailed because the enemy anticipated.

anticipate:期待，指望，预料

Eg.:We anticipatedthe enemy would try to cross the river, so we decided to destory the bridge.

except: 期待，希望某事发生（不能表示“预料到”这一含义）；期待，指望，anticipate ==except

Eg.: I am notexpecting any trouble.

We areanticipating ( excepting ) a large crowd of people at tonight’s meeting.

He is the man whois always anticipating trouble.

anticipate:注重强调的内容以高兴和恐惧的心情，期待所想之事或预料之事的发生

Eg.: The studentsare anticipating a wonderful vocation.

【Text】

§Lesson 26 Wanted: a large biscuit tin征购大饼干筒

Listen to the tapethen answer the question below.

Who won the prizefor the biggest biscuit?

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[endif]No one can avoidbeing influenced by advertisements. Much as we may pride ourselves on our goodtaste, we are no longer free to choose the things we want, for advertisingexerts a subtle influence on us. In their efforts to persuade us to buy this orthat product, advertisers have made a close study of human nature and haveclassified all our little weaknesses.

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[endif]Advertisers discovered years ago that all of us loveto get something for nothing. An advertisement which begins with the magic wordFREE can rarely go wrong. These days, advertisers not only offer free samplesbut free cars, free houses, and free trips round the world as well. They devisehundreds of competitions which will enable us to win huge sums of money. Radioand television have made it possible for advertisers to capture the attentionof millions of people in this way.

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[endif]During a radioprogramme, a company of biscuit manufacturers once asked listeners to bakebiscuits and send them to their factory. They offered to pay $10 a pound forthe biggest biscuit baked by a listener. The response to this competition wastremendous. Before long, biscuits of all shapes and sizes began arriving at thefactory. One lady brought in a biscuit on a wheelbarrow. It weighed nearly 500pounds. A little later, a man came along with a biscuit which occupied thewhole boot of his car. All the biscuits that were sent were carefully weighed.The largest was 713 pounds. It seemed certain that this would win the prize.But just before the competition closed, a lorry arrived at the factory with atruly colossal biscuit which weighed 2,400 pounds. It had been baked by acollege student who had used over 1,000 pounds of flour, 800 pounds of sugar,200 pounds of fat, and 400 pounds of various other ingredients. It was so heavythat a crane had to be used to remove it from the lorry. The manufacturers hadto pay more money than they had anticipated, for they bought the biscuit fromthe student for $24,000.

参考译文

没有人能避免受广告的影响。尽管我们可以自夸自己的鉴赏力如何敏锐，但我们已经无法独立自主地选购自己所需的东西了。这是因为广告在我们身上施加着一种潜移默化的影响。做广告的人在力图劝说我们买下这种产品或那种产品之前，已经仔细地研究了人的本性，并把人的弱点进行了分类。

做广告的人们多年前就发现我们大家都喜欢免费得到东西。凡是用“免费”这个神奇的词开头的广告很少会失败的。目前，做广告的人不仅提供免费样品，而且还提供免费汽车，免费住房，免费周游世界。他们设计数以百计的竞赛，竞赛中有人可赢得巨额奖金。电台、电视使做广告的人可以用这种手段吸引成百万人的注意力。

有一次，在电台播放的节目里，一个生产饼干的公司请听众烘制饼干送到他们的工厂去。他们愿意以每磅10美元的价钱买下由听众烘制的最大的饼干。这次竞赛在听众中引起极其热烈的反响。不久，形状各异，大小不一的饼干陆续送到工厂。一位女士用手推车运来一个饼干，重达500磅左右。相隔不一会儿，一个男子也带来一个大饼干，那个饼干把汽车的行李箱挤得满满的。凡送来的饼干都仔细地称量。最重的一个达713磅，看来这个饼干获奖无疑了。但就在竞赛截止时间将到之际，一辆卡车驶进了工厂，运来了一个特大无比、重达2,400磅的饼干。它是由一个大学生烘制的，用去1,000多磅的面粉、800磅食糖、200磅动物脂肪及400磅其他各种原料。饼干份量太重了，用了一台起重机才把它从卡车上卸下。饼干公司不得不付出比他们预计多得多的钱，因为为买下那学生烘制的饼干他们支付了24,000美元。

【课文讲解】

Advertisementsalways exert influence on everybody.

No one ,avoid, 双重否定

No students canavoid being influenced by their teachers.

本课重点句型：Much as we may pride ourselves on our goodtaste, we are no longer free to choose the things we want, for advertisingexerts a subtle influence on us.

让步状语从句，though, although

as引导让步状语从句，句子要采用倒装形式（adj. / adv. / n. / v.用在as之前）

1．adj. + as + 主语+ 谓语

Rich as he is, heis not happy.

Tired as I was, Itry to help them.

2．adv. (much ) + as + 从句

Much as I likeyou, I will not marry you.

Much as I hate do

it, I must stay home and study English.虽然我不愿意这么做，但我今晚必须呆在家里学习英语。

3．v. + as + 主语 + 助动词

Try as they may,

they will never succeed.即使他们很努力，但他们不会成功。

Object as my

parents may, I decide to do it.不管我父母怎样反对，我都决定要这样做。

采用不同的句子结构形式，不同的词汇表达同一个语义。

effort

1. n. (U) 努力，竭尽全力 （需要花费脑力和体力的事情）

Eg.: It took a lotof effort to lift the box.

A great deal ofeffort has gone into this exhibition.

2. n. (C) 努力，竭尽全力  make everyeffort

Eg.: We are makingevery effort to study English.

in one’s effort to

do:为了干好某事，在干好某事的努力过程当中

Eg.: The companyis selling off some of its buildings in their efforts to save money.

In their effortsto learn English well, they spend a lot of time.

make a close

(careful ) study:对什么做了仔细的研究

Advertisers makeevery effort in order to sell their products.

The firstparagraph is really wonderful, you’d better keeping your mind

第一自然段要牢记熟背在心中。

Advertisersdiscovered years ago that all of us love to get something for nothing.

L26-02  end 13’17”

L26-03  begin 13’12”

get something for

nothing ( free ): 免费得到……

The big bell raregoer wrong.

these days: 目前

not only…but…as well……不仅……而且……

devise: 设计

Eg.: They havedevised the best way to have the party.

enable sb. to do: 使某人能够做某事

Eg.: Hard workwill enable you to pass the examinaiton, otherwise, no way.

Radio andtelevision have made it possible for advertisers to capture the attention ofmillions of people in this way.

make it possible

for sb to do sth 使……可能

Eg.: His fwematerial possessions make it possible for him to move from place to place withease.

    The money he won made it possible for himto make a tour around the world.

capture(catch,

receive, arrest, draw) the attention of sb 吸引某人注意力

熟记：The response to this competition wastremendous.

responce =

reaction: 反映

before long =soon, shortly

biscuits of allshapes (sizes ), shoes of all sizes

occupy = take up, 占据

It seemed certainthat...

注意：用it 做形式主语表示肯定时，要用certain,而不能用sure.

We are sure /certain...

It is certain...

closed = ended

remove = load

L26-03  end 13’12”

L26-04  begin 13’21”

【Multiple choice questions】

Comprehension

1  What among other things enables advertisersto sell a product more easily?

a. Knowing that wewill buy anything provided it tastes good.

b. Giving everycustomer something free with each product he buys.

c. Having so manyfree things all over the world to tempt people with.

d. Having radioand television at their disposal to promote their products.

2  The people who entered the competition did sobecause _____ .

a. they wanted toget something for nothing

b. they hoped bywinning easily to cover the cost of the baking ingredients

c. they hoped to receivethe prize money of $24,000

d. the manufacturershad offered free biscuits to anyone who entered

3  What had the manufacturers failed toanticipate?

a. The number ofpeople who would take an interest in the competition.

b. The number ofingredients required to bake a large biscuit with.

c. That it waspossible to bake a biscuit as large as the student’s.

d. That there wastime to bake a huge biscuit before the competition closed.

Structure

4  _____ of our good taste, we are no longer...(ll.1-2)

a. So proud may webe    b. Although we may pride ourselvesa great deal

c. Proud as we maybe    d. Pride ourselves as we may

5  ----discovered years ago that all of us _____something for nothing. (ll.7-8)

a. are loving toget    b. love getting    c. love to be getting    d. love when we get

love不用进行时态

6  An advertisement can rarely go wrong _____with the magic word FREE. (l.8)

a. whichbegins    b. to begin    c. if it will begin    d. what begins

当修饰主语的定语从句过长而谓语过短时，一般将定语从句后置。

7  It was nearly 500 pounds _____ . (l.15)

a. weighed    b. weighing    c. in weight    d. of weight

in length, inheight, in width, in depth, in weight

8  It was so heavy that a crane _____ from thelorry. (ll.20-21)

a. did they needremove it            b. they needed toremove it

c. was needed tohave removed it    d. was needed to haveit removed

Vocabulary

9  ----in their efforts to persuade us to buy_____ .(l.4)

a. one or otherproduct    b. that or this product    c. some product or other    d. a product or two

some... or other== this... or that

10  The _____ to this competition was tremendous.(ll.13-14)

a. answer    b. reply   c. attraction    d. reaction

response 表示反映，反响的时候，与reaction的意义最近，通常可以换用。

11  ----with a biscuit which _____ the boot ofhis car. (l.16)

a. took completepossession of    b. took up all the spacein

c. completelycovered    d. on the whole filled

occupy的同义词take up

12  The manufacturers had to pay more money thanthey _____ ... (ll.21-22)

a. expected    b. hoped   c. intended    d. wished

anticipate的同义词expect

【Key to Multiple choice questions】

1. D   2. A  3. C   4. C   5. B  6. A   7. C   8. D  9. C   10. D   11. B  12. A

L26-04 7’34”  [Lesson 26  46:52 ]

(L26-04_27-01  5’43”)   [ Lesson 27  49:35 ]

§ Lesson 27 Nothing to sell and nothing to

buy 不卖也不买

【New words and expressions】生词和短语

●philosopher  n. 哲学家

●wisdom  n.智慧

●priest n.牧师

●spiritual   adj.精神上的

●grudge    v.不愿给，舍不得给

●surgeon  n.外科大夫

●passer-by (复数passers-by)  n.过路人

●dignity   n.尊严

●deliberately  adv. 故意地

●consequence n.后果，结果

●afflict v.使苦恼，折磨

●ease   n.容易

●nature n.大自然

●contempt n.蔑视

●envious  adj.嫉妒的

■philosopher n. 哲学家

■wisdom n. 智慧

cut sb's wisdom

teeth 开始懂事了

●priest n. 牧师

■spiritual adj. 精神上的

spiritual life

mental：智力的

physical:物质的，肉体的

spirited:生机勃勃的，精神饱满的，猛烈的

Eg.:She is aspirited girl.

This is a spiriteddiscussion.

spirituous adj. 含酒精的

■grudge v. 不愿给，舍不得给

■surgeon n. 外科大夫

■passer-by (复数passers-by

) n. 过路人

■dignity n. 尊严

with great dignity

stand / keep onone’s dignity

pocket one’s

dignity 放下架子

lose one’s dignity有失体面

dignify v.

dignified adj.

■deliberately adv. 故意地

on purpose: 故意，强调目的性

deliberately (强调深思熟虑后)故意的

■consequence n. 后果，结果

result: 按常规产生的结果

effect 效果

outcome（比赛）最后结局

inconsequence  因此, in consequence of 由于什么的缘故

take the

consequence of 承担……的后果

■afflict v. 使苦恼，折磨

常用于被动语态

affliction n.

afflictive adj. 苦恼的，悲伤的

■ease n. 容易

with ease 轻而易举

at ease, 舒服，宽松

He stayed home atease.

ill at ease 不自在

put sb. at his

ease 不拘束

take one's ease 安下心来

I took my ease tostudy English here.

■nature n. 大自然

■contempt n. 蔑视

in contempt of 轻视

hold sb. incontempt = look down upon sb.

contemptable adj. 可轻视的，不耻的，卑鄙的

■■■contemptuous adj. 轻视的，傲慢的，轻蔑的

despite

■envious adj. 嫉妒的

【Text】

§ Lesson 27 Nothing to sell and nothing to

buy 不卖也不买

Listen to the tapethen answer the question below.

Listen the tapethen answer the question below.

What is the mostimportant thing for a tramp?

[if !vml][endif][if !vml]

[endif]It has been said that everyone lives by sellingsomething. In the light of this statement, teachers live by selling knowledge,philosophers by selling wisdom and priests by selling spiritual comfort. Thoughit may be possible to measure the value of material goods in terms of money, itis extremely difficult to estimate the true value of the services which peopleperform for us. There are times when we would willingly give everything wepossess to save our lives, yet we might grudge paying a surgeon a high fee foroffering us precisely this service. The conditions of society are such thatskills have to be paid for in the same way that goods are paid for at a shop.Everyone has something to sell.

Tramps seem to bethe only exception to this general rule. Beggars almost sell themselves ashuman beings to arouse the pity of passers-by. But real tramps are not beggars.They have nothing to sell and require nothing from others. In seeking independence,they do not sacrifice their human dignity. A tramp may ask you for money, buthe will never ask you to feel sorry for him. He has deliberately chosen to leadthe life he leads and is fully aware of the consequences. He may never be surewhere the next meal is coming from, but he is free from the thousands ofanxieties which afflict other people. His few material possession make itpossible for him to move from place to place with ease. By having to sleep inthe open, he gets far closer to the world of nature than most of us ever do. Hemay hunt, beg, or steal occasionally to keep himself alive; he may even intimes of real need, do a little work; but he will never sacrifice his freedomWe often speak of tramps with contempt and put them in the same class asbeggars, but how many of us can honestly say that we have not felt a littleenvious of their simple way of life and their freedom from care?

参考译文

据说每个人都靠出售某种东西来维持生活。根据这种说法，教师靠卖知识为生，哲学家靠卖智慧为生，牧师靠卖精神安慰为生。虽然物质产品的价值可以用金钱来衡量，但要估算别人为我们为所提供的服务的价值却是极其困难的。有时，我们为了挽救生命，愿意付出我们所占有的一切。但就在外科大夫给我们提供了这种服务后，我们却可能为所支付的昂贵的费用而抱怨。社会上的情况就是如此，技术是必须付钱去买的，就像在商店里要花钱买商品一样。人人都有东西可以出售。

在这条普遍的规律前面，好像只有流浪汉是个例外，乞丐出售的几乎是他本人，以引起过路人的怜悯。但真正的流浪并不是乞丐。他们既不出售任何东西，也不需要从别人那儿得到任何东西，在追求独立自由的同时，他们并不牺牲为人的尊严。游浪汉可能会向你讨钱，但他从来不要你可怜他。他是故意在选择过那种生活的，并完全清楚以这种方式生活的后果。他可能从不知道下顿饭有无着落，但他不像有人那样被千万桩愁事所折磨。他几乎没有什么财产，这使他能够轻松自如地在各地奔波。由于被迫在露天睡觉，他比我们中许多人都离大自然近得多。为了生存，他可能会去打猎、乞讨，偶尔偷上一两回；确实需要的时候，他甚至可能干一点儿活，但他决不会牺牲自由。说起流浪汉，我们常常带有轻蔑并把他们与乞丐归为一类。但是，我们中有多少人能够坦率地说我们对流浪汉的简朴生活与无忧无虑的境况不感到有些羡慕呢？

【课文讲解】

It has been said

that = it is said that据说

live by: to make

enough money to feed oneself：依靠某种职业为生

live on 依靠某种食物维持生命，或靠某人生活

in the light of=

according to, taking into account 根据，考虑到

in accordance

with: 依据(法律) （更加正式）

in terms of: 按照，就……而言，关于

in respect of

in / with regardto, as regards

L27-02  end 13’30”

L27-03  begin 12’10”

there are times

when 有时

grudge后面要和名词或动名词搭配

I grudge wastingtime on this.

He grudge payingso much money for such bad food.

require from

In seekingindependence

in + 动名词搭配，表示“在……的过程中”

In speeking tohim, I found he is stammers.

Eg.: in seeking independence

on + 动名词搭配，表示“一……就……”, 必须注意主语的一致性。

Eg.: On seeing the

plane coming towards me, I ……

In crossing thehall, I ...

On entering thehall, I...

L27-03  end 12’10”

L27-04  begin 12’11”

fully: completely

be free from 不受……的影响

He’s leading alife free from care and anxieties.

The old lady is

never free from paining.这位老太太始终病痛缠身。

free from error

free fromanxieties.

make it possiblefor sb. to do sth.

keep oneself alive为了生存

with 和名词搭配，表示“具有，带有”

Eg.: How many ofus can honestly say that we would like to learn Englsh well?

【Multiple choice questions】

Comprehension

1  It is very difficult to estimate the truevalue of the services people perform for us vecause _____ .

a. people’s needsvary so much according to their circumstances.

b. we refuse toadmit that surgeons perform a very necessary service

c. we seldomshould give everything we possess for such services

d. such servicesare paid for in the same way as material goods

2  in choosing to lead the life he leads, thetramp has decided _____ .

a. he will neverneed to ask people for anything

b. to sleep in theopen in order to be closer to the world of nature

c. he would ratherlead the life of a criminal than do any work

d. his freedommore than compensates for the inconveniences of such a life

流浪汉的自由足以弥补他生活中的不便。

3  In moments of truth we feel envious of atramp’s way of life because _____ .

a. we feel thatour way of life is undignifiged compared to a tramp’s

b. his life is notburdened with the anxieties we are often troubled by

c. of the freedomhe has from the struggle to keep alive

d. we realize thatit is better than having to beg for a livelihood

in memones oftruth = truly

背熟此结构

“ A tramp is freefrom the thousands of axieties which afflict other people.”

Structure

4  Yet we might grudge _____ a surgeon foroffering...(l.8)

a. a high fee wehad paid    b. the high fee we would pay

c. the high feepaying       d. to pay a high fee

the high fee wewould pay a surgeon for offering

5  They _____ require anything fromothers.(ll.12-13)

a. do not have tosell anything or    b. have nothing tosell nor do they

c. have to sellnothing nor they      d. have not soldanything and do not

对于二者的否定

Neither...nor...

nothign... nor...

nor...位于句首，倒装

a. They do not

hsve to sell anything: 他们不必出售什么

6  With so few material possessions, he _____ tomove from... (ll.16-=17)

a. may beable    b. is able    c. can   d. is possible

7  We often speak contemptuously _____ trampsand ... (ll.19-20)

a. for     b. on    c. to     d. of

speak of:   谈及

speak for:  为…辩护

speak on:   就…发言

speak to:   与…谈话

8  But _____ of us can honestly say... (l.20)

a. who    b. which ones     c. how many     d. what one

Vocabluary

9  A surgeon is a man who _____ .(l.8)

a. saves people’slives    b. gives people financial advice

c. performsoperations    d. insures people’s livesagainst sickness or death

10  ---- make it possible for him to move _____with ease. (ll.16-17)

a. here nadthere    b. one way or another    c. from square to square    d. in every sense

from place to

place:四处，到处（= here and there）

one way or

another:表示某种方法或途径

in every sense:名副其实，在各种意义上来说

He is a thief in

every sense.他是一个不折不扣的骗子。

11  He may hunt, beg or steal occasionally to_____ ... (l.18)

a. make aliving    b. survive    c. be living    d. be alive

to survive = keephimself alive

make a living 谋生

12  We often _____ tramps and put them down asbeggars. (ll.20-21)

a. convict    b. blame   c. look down on    d. condemn

look down on =

look down upon: 瞧不起

convict 宣判某人有罪(常与of 连用)

blame  责备（常与for连用）

condemn to vt. 判刑

【Key to Multiple choice questions】

1. A   2. D  3. B   4. B   5. B  6. B   7. D   8. C  9. C   10. A   11. B  12. C

L27-05  6’09”     [ Lesson 27  49:35 ]

（L27-05_28-01 5’32”）      [ Lesson 28  48:31 ]