RSpec 集成

1. 添加 gem 'rspec-rails' 到Gemfile后执行bundle install`

2. 执行 rails g rspec:install 生成 rspec 配置

3. 添加 Devise 相关配置

   # spec/rails_helper.rb
   ...
   require 'rspec/rails'
   require 'devise'
   
   Dir[Rails.root.join('spec', 'support', '**', '*.rb')].sort.each { |f| require f }
   
   ...
   
   RSpec.configure do |config|
     ...
     config.expect_with :rspec do |c|
       c.syntax = :expect
     end
   
     config.include Devise::Test::IntegrationHelpers, type: :system
     config.include Devise::Test::IntegrationHelpers, type: :request
     config.include Devise::Test::ControllerHelpers,  type: :controller
     config.include Devise::Test::ControllerHelpers,  type: :view
     config.include Warden::Test::Helpers
   
     # 自定义辅助方法
     config.include DeviseHelpers
   end
   

4. 添加 gem 'factory_bot_rails' 到 Gemfile 后执行 bundle install

   # spec/rails_helper.rb
   
   # 扩展 FactoryBot 语法
   FactoryBot::SyntaxRunner.class_eval do
    include ActionDispatch::TestProcess
    include ActiveSupport::Testing::FileFixtures
   end
   
   RSpec.configure do |config|
     ...
     config.file_fixture_path = 'spec/fixtures/files'
   
     # 添加 factory_bot_rails 语法配置
     config.include FactoryBot::Syntax::Methods
     ...
   end
   

   提示： 测试用例中使用 byebug 或者 binding.pry 时需要修改 config/environments/test.rb 中的 config.eager_load = true 以启用预加载。

5. 配置 Capybara

   # spec/rails_helper.rb
   ...
   RSpec.configure do |config|
   ...
   config.include Capybara::DSL
   
   # 设置 system 测试默认驱动
   config.before(:each, type: :system) do
     driven_by :rack_test
   end
   
   config.before(:each, type: :system) do
     if ENV["SELENIUM_DRIVER_URL"].present?
       driven_by :selenium, using: :chrome,
                            options: {
                              browser: :remote,
                              url: ENV.fetch("SELENIUM_DRIVER_URL"),
                              desired_capabilities: :chrome
                            }
     else
       driven_by :selenium_chrome_headless
     end
   end
   

6. 添加 Bullet

   # spec/rails_helper.rb
   RSpec.configure do |config|
     ...
     # 添加 bullet 配置
     if Bullet.enable?
       config.before(:each) { Bullet.start_request }
       config.after(:each) do
         # Bullet.perform_out_of_channel_notifications if Bullet.notification?
         Bullet.end_request
       end
     end
     ...
   end
   

注意事项：

• Capybara 默认未配置 app_host，导致系统测试 type: :system 中必须使用xxx_path 绝对路由，而不是 xxx_url 相对路由。

• 通过 config/initializers/default_url_options.rb 配置 Rails.application.routes.default_url_options 会影响整个项目。

  # config/initializers/default_url_options.rb
  
  Rails.application.routes.default_url_options.merge!(
    host: ENV['DEFAULT_URL_HOST'] || Rails.application.credentials[:default_url_host],
    protocol: Rails.application.config.force_ssl ? 'https' : 'http',
  )
  

参考文档：
RSpec Rails
RSpec Core
Devise
Devise RSpec FactoryBot
RSpec+Capybara
Better Specs
Parallel Test