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本文主要解析一下java9 module相关选项
module分类
unnamed module
在classpath的所有jar(不管是否模块化)共同组成一个unnamed module
unnamed modules会声明依赖所有的named module,且exports自己的所有包,但是一个named module不能声明依赖unnamed module。如果一个package在named和unnamed模块中都有定义,则使用named中的package。
默认--illegal-access=permit,即允许unnamed modules反射(java.lang.reflect/java.lang.invoke)使用所有named modules中的类
这个选项主要是为了方便迁移到java9而设计的,不过在java10可能会移除掉
named module
有module-info.java的模块,是java9正规的module
没有module-info.java的jar包,如果放在module-path下,java9模块系统自动将其变成automatic module(其中如果jar包中MANIFEST.MF文件有Automatic-Module-Name属性,取其值作为模块名,没有的话,将jar包文件名根据一定规则提取模块名,如果提取不成功则无法转变为automatic module
)
automatic module
- 默认导出/open自己所有的package
- transitive依赖jdk,其他automatic module及自己的module等其他所有存在的模块
- 可以访问classpath那些unnamed module的类
- jlink不支持链接automatic modules
main module
包含main方法的module,通过--module指定
root module
模块系统解析的根模块,从根模块解析(
在编译时期,而不是运行时
)模块依赖,可以通过--add-modules mod1,mod2来将除JDK默认root modules外的模块添加到模块依赖解析中,可以通过扫描模块描述符把相关依赖的模块也同时解析了。
JDK9默认的root module是java.se模块
java -d java.se
java.se@9
requires java.sql transitive
requires java.scripting transitive
requires java.logging transitive
requires java.security.jgss transitive
requires java.management transitive
requires java.instrument transitive
requires java.naming transitive
requires java.xml transitive
requires java.compiler transitive
requires java.desktop transitive
requires java.sql.rowset transitive
requires java.management.rmi transitive
requires java.base mandated
requires java.rmi transitive
requires java.xml.crypto transitive
requires java.datatransfer transitive
requires java.prefs transitive
requires java.security.sasl transitive
由于java.se.ee不在默认的root modules中,因此--add-modules的最常见的用途是用来添加ee中的模块,比如javv.xml.bind
java -d java.se.ee
java.se.ee@9
requires java.xml.bind transitive
requires java.base mandated
requires java.corba transitive
requires java.activation transitive
requires java.transaction transitive
requires java.xml.ws transitive
requires java.se transitive
requires java.xml.ws.annotation transitive
layers
layer之于module,就相当于classloader之于class,layer是module的一个加载和实例化的机制。通常用来在运行时动态加载modules
boot layer是java模块系统首先使用的layer。它包括了bootstrap loader,platform loader,application loader。java runtime会根据--add-modules指定的root modules来构建模块依赖图,这一层就是boot layer。
相关选项
--module
--module指定包含main方法的module
--add-modules
--add-modules添加module到root set中,方便解析模块依赖
- ALL-DEFAULT,添加unnamed modules的默认root module添加到root set
- ALL-SYSTEM,添加系统模块(java,jdk,javafx等开头的模块,即jdk自身带的模块)到root set
- ALL-MODULE,添加module-path上所有可读的module到root set
--module-path
module-path可以分为三类
- application module path,通过--module-path指定
- compilation module path,通过--module-source-path指定,配合javac使用
- upgrade module path,通过--upgrade-module-path指定
--module-path将没有模块声明的jar变为automatic module;module-path可以是class/jar目录,jar,jmod目录
--path-module
用来在将目录或jar包中的class文件添加/覆盖到指定module,通常在测试环节使用
java --path-module targetModuleName=jarDir/replace.jar --module-path moduleDir -m com.example.module/com.example.module.Main
把replace.jar中的class添加或覆盖到targetModule中
--limit-modules
用于缩小模块范围,比如
java --limit-modules java.se.ee --list-modules
java.activation@9
java.base@9
java.compiler@9
java.corba@9
java.datatransfer@9
java.desktop@9
java.instrument@9
java.logging@9
java.management@9
java.management.rmi@9
java.naming@9
java.prefs@9
java.rmi@9
java.scripting@9
java.se@9
java.se.ee@9
java.security.jgss@9
java.security.sasl@9
java.sql@9
java.sql.rowset@9
java.transaction@9
java.xml@9
java.xml.bind@9
java.xml.crypto@9
java.xml.ws@9
java.xml.ws.annotation@9
jdk.httpserver@9
jdk.unsupported@9
用来限定编译及运行时可以使用的模块,限定的范围是main module,--add-modules添加的modules,以及该参数指定的modules及其transitive依赖的modules
当包含main方法的module是unnamed modules的时候,经常用这个参数来减少需要被解析的模块数量。
--add-exports(编译时+运行时
)
配合javac使用的时候就是允许编译时可以访问
javac -d outputDir --add-exports java.base/sun.net=com.example --module-source-path src $(find . -name "*.java")
配合java使用的时候就是允许运行时可以访问
java --module-path outputDir --add-exports java.base/sun.net=com.example -m com.example/com.example.Main
jmod
用来创建、查看jmod文件
cd $JAVA_HOME
➜ Home ./bin/jmod list ./jmods/java.logging.jmod
classes/module-info.class
classes/java/util/logging/ConsoleHandler.class
classes/java/util/logging/ErrorManager.class
classes/java/util/logging/FileHandler$1.class
classes/java/util/logging/FileHandler$InitializationErrorManager.class
classes/java/util/logging/FileHandler$MeteredStream.class
classes/java/util/logging/FileHandler.class
classes/java/util/logging/Filter.class
classes/java/util/logging/Formatter.class
classes/java/util/logging/Handler$1.class
classes/java/util/logging/Handler.class
classes/java/util/logging/Level$1.class
classes/java/util/logging/Level$KnownLevel.class
classes/java/util/logging/Level$RbAccess.class
classes/java/util/logging/Level.class
classes/java/util/logging/Logger$1.class
classes/java/util/logging/Logger$ConfigurationData.class
classes/java/util/logging/Logger$LoggerBundle.class
classes/java/util/logging/Logger$RbAccess.class
classes/java/util/logging/Logger$SystemLoggerHelper$1.class
classes/java/util/logging/Logger$SystemLoggerHelper.class
classes/java/util/logging/Logger.class
classes/java/util/logging/Logging.class
classes/java/util/logging/LoggingMXBean.class
classes/java/util/logging/LoggingPermission.class
classes/java/util/logging/LogManager$1.class
classes/java/util/logging/LogManager$2.class
classes/java/util/logging/LogManager$3.class
classes/java/util/logging/LogManager$4.class
classes/java/util/logging/LogManager$5.class
classes/java/util/logging/LogManager$6.class
classes/java/util/logging/LogManager$7.class
classes/java/util/logging/LogManager$Cleaner.class
classes/java/util/logging/LogManager$CloseOnReset.class
classes/java/util/logging/LogManager$ConfigProperty.class
classes/java/util/logging/LogManager$LoggerContext$1.class
classes/java/util/logging/LogManager$LoggerContext.class
classes/java/util/logging/LogManager$LoggerWeakRef.class
classes/java/util/logging/LogManager$LoggingProviderAccess.class
classes/java/util/logging/LogManager$LogNode.class
classes/java/util/logging/LogManager$ModType.class
classes/java/util/logging/LogManager$RootLogger.class
classes/java/util/logging/LogManager$SystemLoggerContext.class
classes/java/util/logging/LogManager$VisitedLoggers.class
classes/java/util/logging/LogManager.class
classes/java/util/logging/LogRecord$CallerFinder.class
classes/java/util/logging/LogRecord.class
classes/java/util/logging/MemoryHandler.class
classes/java/util/logging/SimpleFormatter.class
classes/java/util/logging/SocketHandler.class
classes/java/util/logging/StreamHandler$1.class
classes/java/util/logging/StreamHandler.class
classes/java/util/logging/XMLFormatter.class
classes/sun/net/www/protocol/http/logging/HttpLogFormatter.class
classes/sun/util/logging/internal/LoggingProviderImpl$JULWrapper.class
classes/sun/util/logging/internal/LoggingProviderImpl$LogManagerAccess.class
classes/sun/util/logging/internal/LoggingProviderImpl.class
classes/sun/util/logging/resources/logging.class
classes/sun/util/logging/resources/logging_de.class
classes/sun/util/logging/resources/logging_es.class
classes/sun/util/logging/resources/logging_fr.class
classes/sun/util/logging/resources/logging_it.class
classes/sun/util/logging/resources/logging_ja.class
classes/sun/util/logging/resources/logging_ko.class
classes/sun/util/logging/resources/logging_pt_BR.class
classes/sun/util/logging/resources/logging_sv.class
classes/sun/util/logging/resources/logging_zh_CN.class
classes/sun/util/logging/resources/logging_zh_HK.class
classes/sun/util/logging/resources/logging_zh_TW.class
conf/logging.properties
legal/COPYRIGHT
legal/LICENSE
➜ Home ./bin/jmod describe ./jmods/java.logging.jmod
java.logging@9
exports java.util.logging
requires java.base mandated
provides jdk.internal.logger.DefaultLoggerFinder with sun.util.logging.internal.loggingproviderimpl
contains sun.net.www.protocol.http.logging
contains sun.util.logging.internal
contains sun.util.logging.resources
platform macos-amd64
小结
弄清楚modules的分类及其相关选项,可以有助于我们更好地使用java9的模块系统。