How to install SSH server on ubantu
SUSE repos
suse stable
http://download.opensuse.org/distribution/openSUSE-stable/repo/non-oss/
http://download.opensuse.org/distribution/openSUSE-stable/repo/oss/
suse leap
http://download.opensuse.org/distribution/leap/15.3/repo/non-oss/
http://download.opensuse.org/distribution/leap/15.3/repo/oss/
M17N
http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/M17N/ (multi language)
http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/M17N/openSUSE_Leap_15.3/ (tools for 15.3)
???
https://opensuse-guide.ustclug.org/repositories.php
Chrome
http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/rpm/stable/x86_64 chrome
https://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/rpm/stable/x86_64
User guide
1. https://opensuse-guide.ustclug.org/index.php
2. https://doc.opensuse.org/
3. https://www.cnblogs.com/xiangzi888/archive/2012/03/08/2385993.html
4. https://documentation.suse.com/zh-cn/sles/15-SP3/html/SLES-all/cha-gui-desktop.html 中文版 Display 设置
sudo zypper ar http://download.opensuse.org/distribution/openSUSE-stable/repo/non-oss/ non-oss
sudo zypper ar http://download.opensuse.org/distribution/openSUSE-stable/repo/oss/ oss
sudo zypper ar http://download.opensuse.org/distribution/leap/15.3/repo/non-oss/ non-oss-15.3
sudo zypper ar http://download.opensuse.org/distribution/leap/15.3/repo/oss/ oss-15.3
sudo zypper ar http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/M17N/openSUSE_Leap_15.3/ M17N
sudo zypper ar https://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/rpm/stable/x86_64 Chrome
wget https://dl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub
sudo rpm --import linux_signing_key.pub
sudo zypper addrepo http://http.download.nvidia.com/opensuse/leap/15.3/x86_64/ NVIDIA
GNOME add in https://extensions.gnome.org/`
Install different OS components
1. Open Yast -> software management
2. At tab Configuration -> Repositories -> select the repo
3. Then select Patterns / Packages, all supported features will be selected.
-
安装Dash to DOCK /.Dash to Panel
5. Install flameshot, tool to capture screen, like snipaste # zypper in flameshot
6. set short cut for flameshot
WIN + S, Set Keyboard shortcuts
name: flameshot
command: flameshot gui
Shortcut: press a button
8. Dash to Panel https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/1160/dash-to-panel/
修改计算机名字
临时设置hostname主机名:
hostname <SERVER_NAME>
这里的'-v'主要是显示版本的.如果使用了'-v'的话，输出的结果大概是这样:
server1~# hostname -v computer2
Setting hostname to `computer2'
server1~#
退出终端，重新登陆终端，你就能看到主机名更改了
不过有的发行系统中这种方法是不能永久生效的.
**永久设置hostname主机名: **
编辑/etc/HOSTNAME
*# vi /etc/HOSTNAME *
或
# echo server2.mycompany > /etc/HOSTNAME
这样就可以永久设置了，重启电脑
使用YAST工具修改hostname主机名
打开YAST控制中心 control center.
*#yast *然后点到网络设置 --> DNS和Hostname.
然后主机名和网速设置窗口就会打开.
在hostname一栏，根据自己的需要修改主机名即可，然后重启电脑
查看服务器详细信息:
hostname - 会显示主机名
domainname - 显示/设置电脑的 NIS/YP域名
dnsdomainname - 显示电脑的DNS域名
设置IP
说明：ip：172.18.4.107 子网掩码：255.255.255.0 网关：172.18.4.254 dns：172.18.0.6
1、设置ip地址
vi /etc/sysconfig/network/ifcfg-eth0 #编辑配置文件
BOOTPROTO='static' #静态IP:
BROADCAST='172.18.4.255' #广播地址
IPADDR='172.18.4.107' #IP地址
NETMASK='255.255.255.0' #子网掩码
NETWORK='172.18.4.0' #网络地址
STARTMODE='auto' #开机启动网络
2、设置网关
vi /etc/sysconfig/network/routes #编辑文件
default 172.18.4.254
3、设置dns
vi /etc/resolv.conf #编辑文件
nameserver 172.18.0.6
rcnetwork restart #重启网络
service network restart #重启网络
/etc/init.d/network restart #重启网络
查看gate 选项： ip route
IP 分配
T5820 on top -1
IP: 10.189.131.35 / 255.255.255.0 / 10.189.131.1
User: sdc
Passwd: geMRint@adw2
T5820 on top -2 (ethernet port fail)
IP: 10.189.131.xx / 255.255.255.0 / 10.189.131.1
User: sdc
Passwd: geMRint@adw2
T5820 on top -3 (for Bali)
IP: 10.189.131.36 / 255.255.255.0 / 10.189.131.1
User: sdc
Passwd: geMRint@adw2
Dell Box -1 (P3240 SLE 15.3)
IP: 10.189.131.38 / 255.255.255.0 / 10.189.131.1
User: tester
Passwd: 1
FTP Server setup
$zypper in vsftpd #Install svftp
edit /etc/vsftpd.conf
$systemctl start vsftpd #start ftp service
$systemctl stop vsftpd #stop ftp
$ systemctl status vsftpd #get status of ftp
ftp命令 测试FTP 是否可用
$ftp 192.168.1.14
使用格式：ftp [-v] [-d] [-i] [-n] [-g] [-s:filename] [-a] [-w:windowsize] [computer]
-v：禁止显示远程服务器响应信息
PS C:\Users\212597558> sftp tester@192.168.1.4
Password:
Connected to 192.168.1.4.
sftp> ls
Desktop Documents Downloads Music Pictures Public Templates Videos bin
public_html
sftp> help
-n：禁止自动登录
-i：多文件传输过程中关闭交互提示
-d：启用调试，显示所有客户端与服务器端传递的命令
-g：禁用文件名通配符，允许在本地文件和路径名中使用
实例：ftp 122.122.122.122 2222
输入用户名、密码，即可完成登录。
2.目录操作
FTP命令可以列出、移动、创建文件夹。
ls -- 打印目录列表
!ls -- 查看本地目录
cd -- 改变目录
mkdir -- 创建文件夹
3.使用FTP下载文件
在下载一个文件之前，首先需要使用lcd命令设定本地接收目录位置。
lcd -- 指定下载目录
get file.txt [file_new.txt] -- 下载文件 支持更改名字
mget *.txt -- 使用mget + 通配符下载多个文件
4.使用FTP上传文件
put file.txt [file_new.txt] -- 上传文件 支持更改名字
put /home/data/cwh/file.txt -- 绝对路径
mput *.txt -- 上传多个文件
5.关闭FTP连接
完成FTP工作后，为了安全起见需要关闭连接。有3个命令可以关闭连接：
bye -- 关闭连接
exit -- 关闭连接
quit -- 关闭连接
close -- 关闭连接
6.其他命令
? -- 查询ftp命令
help -- 查询ftp命令
open [ftp server name] -- 和指定的远程Linux FTP服务器连接
user [user name] [password] -- 使用指定远程Linux FTP服务器的用户登录
pwd -- 显示当前路径
ls -- 列出目录和文件
dir -- 列出目录和文件（同上）
mkdir [foldname] -- 创建指定目录
rmdir [foldname] -- 删除指定目录
cd -- 切换目录
delete [filename] -- 删除文件
rename [filename] [newfilename] -- 重命名
close -- 关闭连接 但保留FTP命令参数提示
disconnect -- 关闭连接 但保留FTP命令参数提示（同上）
bye -- 结束连接
quit -- 结束连接
! -- 直接从远程Linux FTP进入到本地Shell中
exit -- （接上步）从本地Shell环境返回远程Linux FTP中
!ls -- 列出本地机器目录和文件
lcd [foldname] -- 更改本地工作目录
binary -- 使用二进制传输文件
prompt -- 切换提示（使用mput或mget上传下载多个文件时避免提示）
case -- 在使用mget时，将远程主机文件名的大写转换为小写字母
cdup -- 进入远程主机目录的父目录
system -- 显示远程主机的操作系统类型
hash -- 每传输1024字节，显示一个hash符号(#)
status -- 显示当前ftp状态
修改HOST name
$vi /etc/hostname
or $vi /etc/hosts
SUSE zypper install vsftp service
$ sudo zypper in vsftpd #install very secure FTP
$ sytemctl start vsftpd
$ systemctrl enable vsftpd
$ systemctl status vsftpd
Or $ sudo service vsftpd status
NTFS 格式硬盘无法挂载
Windows 硬盘连到 Linux 系统后，默认是无法识别的，可以通过 ntfs-3g 进行识别。
执行如下命令安装 ntfs-3g：
zypper in ntfs-3g
安装成功后通过如下命令进行挂载，结果如下：
mount -t ntfs-3g /dev/xvdb5 /mnt # 重新拔插Usb线后，可以自动识别。
链接：https://www.imooc.com/article/48394
VNC server setup
@ubantu How to Install and Configure VNC on Ubuntu 20.04
1. install vnc server
$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install tigervnc-standalone-server
$ sudo apt install tigervnc-standalone-server
$ vncpasswd #create password, not need sudo
$ sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/vncserver@.service # create vnc service
$ sudo systemctl daemon-reload #Reload systemd
$ sudo systemctl start vncserver@1.service
Start VNCSERVER
$vncserver
check vncmanager.service status
Normally there should be a config file:
List servers: vncserver -list
vncmanager operation
1. Start vncmanager
$systemctl enable vncmager.service
$systemctl start vncmanager.service
$ systemctl status vncmager.service #check status
2. Stop vncmager
$ systemctl stop vncmanager.service # stop service
$ systemctl disable vncmanager.service
$ systemctl status vncmanager.service
USE YAST2 to config vnc manager
How to Use the VNC to Remotely Log In to SUSE Linux
执行YAST2 里的Remote Administration 后会弹出下面的窗口，点击ok后，就没有动静了。
还需要执行如下命令：
网络设置
Yast2
需要选择Network Manager，否则无法选择DNS router 。。。
还能在右上角显示图标
命令行：在suse下networksetting
一、网络设置
设置IP、网关、DNS
- 设置IP
每个网卡都有一个配置文件，在/etc/sysconfig/network/目录下。用root登录,编辑ifcfg-eth0,就是你的网卡的物理地址的那个文件，不一定是eth0。
vim /etc/sysconfig/network/ifcfg-eth0
配置文件如下：
DEVICE=物理设备名
IPADDR=IP地址
NETMASK=掩码值
NETWORK=网络地址
BROADCAST=广播地址
GATEWAY=网关地址
ONBOOT=[yes|no]（引导时是否激活设备）
USERCTL=[yes|no]（非root用户是否可以控制该设备）
BOOTPROTO=[none|static|bootp|dhcp]（引导时不使用协议|静态分配|BOOTP协议|DHCP协议）
HWADDR = 你的MAC地址
例如：
DEVICE=’eth0’
BOOTPROTO=’static’
IPADDR=’10.10.37.234’
NETMASTK=’255.255.255.0’
NETWORK=’10.10.37.0’
BROADCAST=’10.10.37.255’
ONBOOT=’yes’
- 设置网关
网关：实质上是一个网络通向其他网络的IP地址
设置默认网关命令：
vim /etc/sysconfig/network/，修改routes
GATEWAY =10.10.37.100
- 设置DNS
DNS域名解析系统（domain name system）
DNS服务器：由于IP地址不便于记忆，将域名解析成IP地址的服务器。
修改DNS的配置文件
vim /etc/resolv.conf
添加内容：nameserver10.10.1.2
也可继续添加：nameserver8.8.8.8
- 配置完成后，重启网络服务使之生效
service network restart
或者#/etc/init.d/network restart
二、解决出现的其他问题和补充
配置物理机时，一般一台物理机会有几块网卡，首先查看哪块网卡connected，然后在/etc/sysconfig/network/目录下，修改相应的网卡配置文件，比如ifcfg-eth0，eth2也可能，如果没有配置文件，新建配置文件，并添加内容。
配置网关时总是出问题，后来用yast解决了没有配置网关的问题，网关一定要设置对应网段的网关，一直是心中的痛。
集线器、交换机、路由器、网桥、网关的知识
参考了
http://www.cnblogs.com/imapla/archive/2013/03/12/2955931.html
集线器：
1）是放大信号，扩大网络的传输距离，是中继器的一种形式，区别在于集线器能够提供多端口服务，也称为多口中继器；
2）工作在物理层，分享带宽
交换机：
1） 有自己的CPU和RAM，可以实现存储转发
2） 工作在数据链路层，不共享带宽
网桥：
1） 将两个局域网连接起来，网桥在帧的转发过程中查看的地址是mac地址。
2） 工作在数据链路层
路由器：
1） 作为不同网络之间互相连接的枢纽，路由器系统构成了基于 TCP/IP 的国际互连网络 Internet
2） 工作在网络层
网关：网关（协议转换器）是互连网络中操作在OSI网络层之上的具有协议转换功能设施
传统的交换机只能分割冲突域，不能分割广播域；而路由器可以分割广播域
————————————————
版权声明：本文为CSDN博主「willinux」的原创文章，遵循CC 4.0 BY-SA版权协议，转载请附上原文出处链接及本声明。
原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/willinux20130812/article/details/24476251
1. Disk partition
You should be sure there is a partition (< 1G) mounted at /root/elf for boot up
And a partition mounted at / for data and OS
2. Question or warning
How Do You Install SUSE when You Encounter “The System cannot be installed because … There is no device mounted at ‘/'”?
Problem scenario
You are trying to install Linux SUSE. You get an error "The System cannot be installed because the following errors were found: There is no device mounted at '/'. How do you get passed this problem?
Solution
Use the "Expert Partitioner". Verify you have one device (e.g., /dev/sda1) that has the Type "BIOS Boot Partition." Verify you have one device (e.g., /dev/sda2) that has the Mount Point "/". You theoretically might be able to have one device have both traits.
If there is a device that is mounted to "/mnt", highlight it, go to Modify -> Edit Partition then go to the "Mount Point" and change it to "/". You may be prompted "Really skip formatting the partition?" Choose "Yes". Now try to resume the installation.
You may be prompted to abort the install or continue anyway to a variety of errors/questions. You may be able to just keep clicking "continue" through this series of prompts.
3. Set repository
1. Open yast via MobaXterm ssh
2. List of repositories
http://download.opensuse.org/tumbleweed/repo/non-oss/
http://download.opensuse.org/tumbleweed/repo/oss/
http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/opensuse/tumbleweed/repo/oss
opensuse | 镜像站使用帮助 | 清华大学开源软件镜像站 | Tsinghua Open Source Mirror
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/opensuse/
sudo zypper ar-cfg'https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/opensuse/distribution/leap/$releasever/repo/oss/'tuna-osssudo
zypper ar-cfg'https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/opensuse/distribution/leap/$releasever/repo/non-oss/'tuna-non-osssudo
zypper ar-cfg'https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/opensuse/update/leap/$releasever/oss/'tuna-updatesudo
zypper ar-cfg'https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/opensuse/update/leap/$releasever/non-oss/'tuna-update-non-oss
3. reference from suse
How to set Tftp server in Windows: https://www.lifewire.com/definition-of-tftp-817576
4 Config SSH
$ssh-keygen #generate key
$ssh-copy-id -p 22 tester@192.167.1.14
Set config at local/.ssh
$touch config
Host aioc121
HostName 192.168.1.14
Port 22
User tester
IP config
Gateway 10.189.130.1
查看gateway：route -n
1. Disk partition
You should be sure there is a partition (< 1G) mounted at /root/elf for boot up
And a partition mounted at / for data and OS
2. Question or warning
How Do You Install SUSE when You Encounter “The System cannot be installed because … There is no device mounted at ‘/'”?
Problem scenario
You are trying to install Linux SUSE. You get an error "The System cannot be installed because the following errors were found: There is no device mounted at '/'. How do you get passed this problem?
Solution
Use the "Expert Partitioner". Verify you have one device (e.g., /dev/sda1) that has the Type "BIOS Boot Partition." Verify you have one device (e.g., /dev/sda2) that has the Mount Point "/". You theoretically might be able to have one device have both traits.
If there is a device that is mounted to "/mnt", highlight it, go to Modify -> Edit Partition then go to the "Mount Point" and change it to "/". You may be prompted "Really skip formatting the partition?" Choose "Yes". Now try to resume the installation.
You may be prompted to abort the install or continue anyway to a variety of errors/questions. You may be able to just keep clicking "continue" through this series of prompts.
3. Set repository
1. Open yast via MobaXterm ssh
2. List of repositories
http://download.opensuse.org/tumbleweed/repo/non-oss/
http://download.opensuse.org/tumbleweed/repo/oss/
http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/opensuse/tumbleweed/repo/oss
opensuse | 镜像站使用帮助 | 清华大学开源软件镜像站 | Tsinghua Open Source Mirror
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/opensuse/
sudo zypper ar-cfg'https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/opensuse/distribution/leap/$releasever/repo/oss/'tuna-osssudo
zypper ar-cfg'https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/opensuse/distribution/leap/$releasever/repo/non-oss/'tuna-non-osssudo
zypper ar-cfg'https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/opensuse/update/leap/$releasever/oss/'tuna-updatesudo
zypper ar-cfg'https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/opensuse/update/leap/$releasever/non-oss/'tuna-update-non-oss
3. reference from suse
How to set Tftp server in Windows: https://www.lifewire.com/definition-of-tftp-817576
4 Config SSH
$ssh-keygen #generate key
$ssh-copy-id -p 22 tester@192.167.1.14
Set config at local/.ssh
$touch config
Host aioc121
HostName 192.168.1.14
Port 22
User tester
IP config
Gateway 10.189.130.1
查看gateway：route -n
