2.4提高词汇的方法

简化句子

1.分词短语代替定语从句或者状语从句

例1

1. Theorists who adopt the psychodynamic approach hold that inner conflicts are crucial for understanding human behavior.
2. Theorists adopting the psychodynamic approach hold that inner conflicts are crucial for understanding human behavior.(现在分词短语)

例2

1. Since aluminum possesses high conductivity of heat and electricity,it finds wide application in industry.
2. Possessing high conductivity of heat and electricity, aluminum finds wide application in industry.

2.分词独立结构代替状语从句或并列从句

例1

1. Vibrating objects produce sound waves, and each vibration produces one sound wave.
2. Vibrating objects produce sound waves, each vibration producing one sound wave.

3.不定式短语代替各种从句

例1

1. Methane unites with oxygen so that carbon dioxide and water are yielded.
2. Methane unites with oxygen to carbon dioxide and water are yielded.

例2

1. The cutting tool must be harder than the material that requires to be cut.
2. The cutting tool must be harder than the material to be cut.

4.介词+名词或动名词短语代替定语从句或状语从句

例1

1. When we make the radio waves correspond to each sound in turn, messages are carried from a broadcasting station to a receiving set.
2. In making the radio waves correspond to each sound in turn, messages are carried from a broadcasting station to a receiving set.

例2

1. The UK climate has been warming, and especially the annual average temperature of the central England has increased by about 1 degree over the last century.
2. The UK climate has been warming, with the central England annual average temperature increasing by about 1 degree over the last century.(with + 宾语 + doing)

例3

1. If organisms did not reproduce, life would quickly come to an end.
2. Without reproduction, life would quickly come to an end.

简化短语

1.介词短语作定语 -> 名词

2.短语 -> 词语

3.去掉不必要的词汇

• head of cylinder -> cylinder head
• treatment with heat -> heat treatment
• techniques concerning production -> production techniques
• in the first place -> first
• in spite of -> despite
• a majority -> most
• due to the fact that -> because
• give rise to -> cause

例1

1. The effect of temperature on conductivity was examined and found not to change dramatically.
2. The effect of temperature on conductivity was found not to change dramatically.