什么是 Paramiko?
Paramiko 是一个 Python 实现的 SSH 协议库，提供了 SSH 客户端和 SSH 服务器的 API。它允许你通过 SSH 协议远程控制服务器，进行数据传输或在 Shell 中执行命令等操作。
如何安装 Paramiko?
Paramiko 可以使用 pip 安装，命令如下：
pip install paramiko
如何使用 Paramiko 连接 SSH 服务器?
使用 Paramiko 连接 SSH 服务器可以通过如下代码实现：
import paramiko
# SSH credentials
ssh_host = 'your_ssh_host'
ssh_user = 'your_ssh_username'
ssh_password = 'your_ssh_password'
# Establish SSH connection
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
ssh.connect(ssh_host, username=ssh_user, password=ssh_password)
# Execute command
command = 'your_ssh_command'
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(command)
# Print output
print(stdout.read().decode())
# Close SSH connection
ssh.close()
如何使用 Paramiko 上传和下载文件?
可以使用 Paramiko 的 SFTP API 上传和下载文件：
import paramiko
# SFTP credentials
sftp_host = 'your_sftp_host'
sftp_user = 'your_sftp_username'
sftp_password = 'your_sftp_password'
# Establish SFTP connection
transport = paramiko.Transport((sftp_host, 22))
transport.connect(username=sftp_user, password=sftp_password)
sftp = transport.open_sftp()
# Download a remote file
remote_file_path = '/path/to/remote/file'
local_file_path = '/path/to/local/file'
sftp.get(remote_file_path, local_file_path)
# Upload a local file
local_file_path = '/path/to/local/file'
remote_file_path = '/path/to/remote/file'
sftp.put(local_file_path, remote_file_path)
# Close SFTP connection
sftp.close()
transport.close()
如何使用 Paramiko 执行 sudo 命令?
可以使用 Paramiko 的 invoke_shell() 方法来模拟一个终端会话，然后执行 sudo 命令：
import paramiko
# SSH credentials
ssh_host = 'your_ssh_host'
ssh_user = 'your_ssh_username'
ssh_password = 'your_ssh_password'
# Establish SSH connection
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
ssh.connect(ssh_host, username=ssh_user, password=ssh_password)
# Start a shell session
shell = ssh.invoke_shell()
shell.send('sudo your_command\n')
# Wait for the password prompt
while not shell.recv_ready():
pass
shell.send('your_password\n')
# Execute command
output = shell.recv(1024)
# Print output
print(output.decode())
# Close SSH connection
ssh.close()
** 增加异常处理 **
import paramiko
import json
# SSH连接信息
hostname = "1.1.1.1"
username = "root"
password = "123456"
# 命令
command = "kubectl get cm -n test xxx-configmap -o json"
# 创建SSH客户端
client = paramiko.SSHClient()
# 自动添加主机密钥
client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
# 连接SSH服务器
try:
client.connect(hostname, username=username, password=password)
except paramiko.AuthenticationException:
print("Authentication failed, please verify your password.")
except paramiko.SSHException as sshException:
print("Unable to establish SSH connection: %s" % sshException)
except paramiko.SSHException as e:
print(e)
# 执行命令
try:
stdin, stdout, stderr = client.exec_command(command, timeout=10)
output = stdout.read().decode()
print(output)
result = json.loads(output)
print(result["kind"])
except paramiko.SSHException as sshException:
print("Unable to execute command: %s" % sshException)
# 关闭连接
client.close()
Paramiko 的 SSH 隧道功能
import paramiko
# SSH credentials
ssh_host = 'your_ssh_host'
ssh_user = 'your_ssh_username'
ssh_password = 'your_ssh_password'
# Tunnel credentials
tunnel_host = 'your_tunnel_host'
tunnel_port = your_tunnel_port
tunnel_user = 'your_tunnel_username'
tunnel_password = 'your_tunnel_password'
# Establish SSH tunnel
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
ssh.connect(tunnel_host, username=tunnel_user, password=tunnel_password)
transport = ssh.get_transport()
local_port = 12345
remote_port = 54321
transport.request_port_forward('', local_port, remote_port)
# Establish SSH connection through the tunnel
ssh_tunnel = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh_tunnel.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
ssh_tunnel.connect(ssh_host, username=ssh_user, password=ssh_password, sock=transport.open_channel('direct-tcpip', ('127.0.0.1', remote_port), ('127.0.0.1', local_port)))
# Execute command
command = 'your_ssh_command'
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh_tunnel.exec_command(command)
# Print output
print(stdout.read().decode())
# Close SSH connection
ssh_tunnel.close()
transport.close()
ssh.close()
以上就是关于 Python Paramiko 模块的文章总结。
