atomic是什么
atomic和nonatomic是OC里面修饰属性的一对修饰符,表示原子性和非原子性。
用atomic修饰的时候,编译器会在编译期间在setter, getter 方法里加入一些互斥锁,保证在多线程开发,读取变量的值正确。
但是在setter和getter里面加锁就万事大吉了吗?
看看下面这个示例:
@property (atomic, assign) NSInteger obj;
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
//开启一个异步线程对obj的值+1
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0), ^{
for (int i = 0;i < 10000;i ++){
self.obj = self.obj + 1;
}
NSLog(@"obj : %ld 线程:%@",(long)self.obj , [NSThread currentThread]);
});
//开启一个异步线程对obj的值+1
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0), ^{
for (int i = 0;i < 10000;i ++){
self.obj = self.obj + 1;
}
NSLog(@"obj : %ld 线程: %@",(long)self.obj , [NSThread currentThread]);
});
}
上面这段代码是开启两个异步线程频繁的去对ojb执行+1操作,按照正常逻辑来说应该一定会有一个线程打印出20000,但是我们来看一下打印结果:
2020-04-15 16:06:45.388099+0800 Atomic2Nonatomic[31861:4542875] obj : 8856 线程:<NSThread: 0x6000033b92c0>{number = 5, name = (null)}
2020-04-15 16:06:45.388126+0800 Atomic2Nonatomic[31861:4542873] obj : 11952 线程: <NSThread: 0x600003386700>{number = 6, name = (null)}
然而并没有!
替换成nonatomic并且加上互斥锁看看
@property (nonatomic, assign) NSInteger obj;
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
NSLock *m_lock = [NSLock new];
//开启一个异步线程对obj的值+1
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0), ^{
for (int i = 0;i < 10000;i ++){
[m_lock lock];
self.obj = self.obj + 1;
[m_lock unlock];
}
NSLog(@"obj : %ld 线程:%@",(long)self.obj , [NSThread currentThread]);
});
//开启一个异步线程对obj的值+1
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0), ^{
for (int i = 0;i < 10000;i ++){
[m_lock lock];
self.obj = self.obj + 1;
[m_lock unlock];
}
NSLog(@"obj : %ld 线程: %@",(long)self.obj , [NSThread currentThread]);
});
}
// 输出:
2020-04-15 16:19:54.566420+0800 Atomic2Nonatomic[31970:4554604] obj : 15712 线程: <NSThread: 0x600000f22880>{number = 6, name = (null)}
2020-04-15 16:19:54.566542+0800 Atomic2Nonatomic[31970:4554603] obj : 20000 线程:<NSThread: 0x600000f1e040>{number = 4, name = (null)}
atomic只是对set方法加锁,而我们程序里面的self.obj = self.obj + 1; 这一部分不是线程安全的,后面这个+1操作不是线程安全的,所以要想最终得到20000的结果,需要使用锁对self.obj = self.obj + 1加锁。代码就会得到我们想要的结果。所以atomic并不能保证线程绝对安全。
最后来看看看看atomic在runtime的内部实现
property 的 atomic 用的是 spinlock_t 自旋锁实现的
// getter
id objc_getProperty(id self, SEL _cmd, ptrdiff_t offset, BOOL atomic)
{
// ...
if (!atomic) return *slot;
// Atomic retain release world
spinlock_t& slotlock = PropertyLocks[slot];
slotlock.lock();
id value = objc_retain(*slot);
slotlock.unlock();
// ...
}
// setter
static inline void reallySetProperty(id self, SEL _cmd, id newValue, ptrdiff_t offset, bool atomic, bool copy, bool mutableCopy)
{
// ...
if (!atomic) {
oldValue = *slot;
*slot = newValue;
} else {
spinlock_t& slotlock = PropertyLocks[slot];
slotlock.lock();
oldValue = *slot;
*slot = newValue;
slotlock.unlock();
}
// ...
}