复数可数名词作主语 和 不可数名词做主语 动词变化


当复数可数名词作主语时,动词要用复数形式(即动词原形,不加 -s)。

这是英语 主谓一致(Subject-Verb Agreement) 的基本规则之一。

✅ 核心规则:
复数主语 → 动词用原形(复数形式)

(在一般现在时中)

🔹 一、什么是“复数可数名词”?
指可以计数、且表示多个的名词,例如:

books, cars, children, students, apples, ideas, dogs...
它们有明显的复数形式(通常 +s / +es 或不规则变化)。

🔹 二、动词如何配合?
📌 在 一般现在时 中:
主语类型    动词形式    例句
单数主语
(he / she / it / a book)    动词 + s / es She reads every day.
The dog barks.
复数主语
(they / we / books / students)  动词原形(无 -s)  They read every day.
The dogs bark.
Students study hard.
✅ 正确例句:

Books are on the table.(✅ 复数主语 + 复数动词)
My friends live in London.(✅)
The children play outside.(✅)
❌ 常见错误:

Books is on the table.(❌ is 是单数)
My friends lives in London.(❌ lives 是单数)
The children plays outside.(❌ plays 是单数)
💡 记住:复数主语 ≠ 动词加 -s!

恰恰相反:只有单数第三人称才加 -s。

🔹 三、其他时态中的表现
虽然“加 -s”只出现在一般现在时,但主谓一致在所有时态都存在:

时态  单数主语    复数主语
一般现在    He likes coffee.    They like coffee.
一般过去    She went home.  They went home.(过去式无变化)
现在完成    He has eaten.   They have eaten.(助动词 has → have)
将来时 She will go.    They will go.(will 后 always 用原形)
进行时 He is reading.  They are reading.(be 动词:is → are)
👉 关键:助动词或 be 动词要与主语数一致。

🔹 四、易错情况提醒
1. 主语看似单数,实为复数
The police are investigating.(police 总是复数)
My glasses are broken.(glasses = 眼镜,复数)
2. 主语带修饰语,核心仍是复数
Some of the students are absent.(核心:students → 复数)
Many people in the room know the answer.(核心:people → 复数)
3. 集体名词(如 family, team)
英式英语:可单可复(看作整体 or 成员)
The team are arguing.(成员在争论)
美式英语:通常用单数
The team is winning.
但明确复数名词(如 students, cats, ideas)永远用复数动词!

✅ 五、总结口诀
主语若是复数人/物,

动词原形别加 s;

be 动词用 are / were,

have 莫写成 has!

✅ 六、小测试(判断正误)
Apples is delicious. → ❌(应为 are)
The boys play football every weekend. → ✅
My parents works in a hospital. → ❌(应为 work)
These data show a clear trend. → ✅(data 作复数时,动词用 show)
💡 注:data 是 datum 的复数,现代英语中常作不可数,但在学术写作中仍常用作复数。



当不可数名词(uncountable noun)作主语时,动词一律用单数形式。

这是英语 主谓一致(Subject-Verb Agreement) 的核心规则之一。

✅ 一、基本规则
不可数名词 = 单数概念 → 谓语动词用单数

无论这个不可数名词看起来多“大”或多“抽象”,它在语法上始终是单数。

🔹 二、为什么?—— 不可数名词的本质
不可数名词表示:

物质(water, rice, gold)
抽象概念(love, information, advice)
集合/总称(furniture, luggage, homework)
它们不能被分成独立的个体,因此被视为一个整体 → 单数。

🔹 三、动词变化示例(各时态)
📌 1. 一般现在时
主语(不可数) 动词(单数)  例句
Water   is / flows  Water is essential for life.
Oil flows slowly.
Advice  is / helps  His advice is very helpful.
Good advice helps a lot.
Information is / comes  The information is accurate.
New data comes in daily.
❌ 错误:

The news are good.
Homework are difficult.
✅ 正确:

The news is good.(news 是不可数!)
Homework is difficult.
💡 特别注意:news 看起来像复数,但它是不可数名词,永远搭配单数动词!

📌 2. 其他时态中的动词配合
时态  结构  例句
一般过去时   was / V-ed  The milk was sour.
Her courage saved him.
现在完成时   has + 过去分词  The water has boiled.
His patience has run out.
将来时 will + 原形   Time will tell.
Money will solve nothing.
进行时 is + V-ing  The soup is cooking.
Progress is being made.
👉 关键:助动词或 be 动词必须用单数形式(is, was, has),而不是 are, were, have。

🔹 四、高频不可数名词清单(作主语时动词用单数)
名词  中文  例句
water   水   Water covers 70% of Earth.
rice    米饭  Rice is a staple food in Asia.
bread   面包  Bread goes stale quickly.
information 信息  This information is confidential.
advice  建议  Her advice is always wise.
news    新闻  The news is on at 6 p.m.
furniture   家具  The furniture looks old.
luggage 行李  Your luggage is here.
homework    家庭作业    Homework takes time.
money   钱   Money doesn’t grow on trees.
time    时间  Time flies.
work    工作  Hard work pays off.
weather 天气  The weather is nice today.
music   音乐  Music calms me.
🔹 五、常见错误 & 易混点
❌ 错误 1:把不可数名词当复数
These informations are useful.

✅ This information is useful.
My luggages are heavy.

✅ My luggage is heavy.

(如需复数,说:pieces of luggage)
❌ 错误 2:被“-s”结尾迷惑
news(新闻)→ 不可数 → The news is...
mathematics / physics / politics → 形式带 -s,但通常作单数:
Mathematics is my favorite subject.
Politics is complicated.
⚠️ 例外:有些 -ics 学科在指“具体活动”时可用复数:

His politics are conservative.(他的政治观点)
❌ 错误 3:集体不可数名词误加复数动词
Furniture are expensive.
✅ Furniture is expensive.
✅ 六、特殊情况:不可数名词 + 量词
即使加了量词,真正主语仍是不可数名词,但有时量词本身成为主语:

句子  主语是谁?   动词形式
A lot of water is wasted.   water(不可数)  is(单数)
Lots of people are here.    people(可数复数)    are(复数)
Some of the advice is good. advice(不可数) is
Some of the books are missing.  books(可数复数) are
👉 判断关键:看 of 后面的名词是可数还是不可数!

✅ 七、总结口诀
不可数名无复数,

动词永远用单数;

news, advice, information,

is 莫写成 are!

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