一. 分类:不定冠词(a, an),定冠词(the)和零冠词(/)。
二. 用法:
1.冠词a, an的用法:表泛指或用于第一次出现的单数可数名词前。
①意思,表示“一”,如“一个,一本”;
e.g. What’s that in English?
It’s a book.
(It’s an orange.)
②an + 以元音字母(a, e, i, o, u)开头的单数可数名词之前(正确的说法是用于单数可数名词首字母发音为元音音素的单词前);
e.g. an apple, an elephant , an umbrella
例外:a + u/ju:/, 如a usual day,a European, a university, a unit, a useful book
③a + 以辅音字母开头的单数可数名词之前(正确的说法是用于单数可数名词首字母发音为辅音音素的单词前);
e.g. a book, a duck
例外:an hour, an honest boy, an honor.
④固定搭配:
come to an end结束
as a rule通常
all of a sudden突然
as a result因此
have a cold感冒
have a cough咳嗽
in a hurry匆忙地
in a sense从某种意义上说
in a word总之
keep an eye on注意
make a living谋生
make a fool of愚弄
make a fortune发大财
with a will决心
have a good time玩得高兴
have a rest(sleep/ swim)
2.定冠词the的用法:
①表示上文提到的人和物或双方都知道的事物;
e.g. He has a son and a daughter. The boy is five years old and the girl is six years old.
②表示世界上独一无二的物体或自然现象;
e.g. The sunrises in the east and sets in the west.
The earth is our home.
③某些专有名词;
e.g. the United States
the United Kingdom
④与某些形容词连用,表示整个类别或是抽象概念;
e.g. the old
the young
the beautiful(美)
⑤定冠词加在人体某一部位的名词前;
e.g. The man took me by the arm.
Her mother hit her on the hand.
⑥形容词,副词最高级,序数词或only之前,要加定冠词;
e.g. Tom was the first person to come to school this morning.
Mary is the most outgoing student in my class.
John is the only child of the farmer.
⑦the +姓氏的复数表示某人一家;
e.g. the Blacks 布莱克一家人
the Whites怀特一家人
⑧部分乐器名词前面要加the(多为西洋乐器);
e.g. play the piano弹钢琴
play the violin拉小提琴
⑨固定搭配
by the way顺便提一下
in the end最终
on the country相反
out of the question不可能
in the morning
3.零冠词:部分名词前面不使用冠词。
①play与球类连用;
e.g. play basketball打篮球
play soccer踢足球
play baseball打棒球
②have/eat与三餐连用通常不用冠词,但三餐前面有形容词需加冠词;
e.g. have/eat breakfast吃早餐
have/eat lunch吃午餐
have/eat dinner/ supper吃晚餐
have a delicious dinner吃了一顿美味的晚餐
③时间介词(in/on /at)与年,月,星期,时刻连用通常不加冠词;
e.g. in 1998在1998年
in October 在十月
on Monday 在星期一
at 6:30 在6:30