636 Exclusive Time of Functions 函数的独占时间
Description:
On a single-threaded CPU, we execute a program containing n functions. Each function has a unique ID between 0 and n-1.
Function calls are stored in a call stack: when a function call starts, its ID is pushed onto the stack, and when a function call ends, its ID is popped off the stack. The function whose ID is at the top of the stack is the current function being executed. Each time a function starts or ends, we write a log with the ID, whether it started or ended, and the timestamp.
You are given a list logs, where logs[i] represents the ith log message formatted as a string "{function_id}:{"start" | "end"}:{timestamp}". For example, "0:start:3" means a function call with function ID 0 started at the beginning of timestamp 3, and "1:end:2" means a function call with function ID 1 ended at the end of timestamp 2. Note that a function can be called multiple times, possibly recursively.
A function's exclusive time is the sum of execution times for all function calls in the program. For example, if a function is called twice, one call executing for 2 time units and another call executing for 1 time unit, the exclusive time is 2 + 1 = 3.
Return the exclusive time of each function in an array, where the value at the ith index represents the exclusive time for the function with ID i.
Example:
Example 1:
Input: n = 2, logs = ["0:start:0","1:start:2","1:end:5","0:end:6"]
Output: [3,4]
Explanation:
Function 0 starts at the beginning of time 0, then it executes 2 for units of time and reaches the end of time 1.
Function 1 starts at the beginning of time 2, executes for 4 units of time, and ends at the end of time 5.
Function 0 resumes execution at the beginning of time 6 and executes for 1 unit of time.
So function 0 spends 2 + 1 = 3 units of total time executing, and function 1 spends 4 units of total time executing.
Example 2:
Input: n = 1, logs = ["0:start:0","0:start:2","0:end:5","0:start:6","0:end:6","0:end:7"]
Output: [8]
Explanation:
Function 0 starts at the beginning of time 0, executes for 2 units of time, and recursively calls itself.
Function 0 (recursive call) starts at the beginning of time 2 and executes for 4 units of time.
Function 0 (initial call) resumes execution then immediately calls itself again.
Function 0 (2nd recursive call) starts at the beginning of time 6 and executes for 1 unit of time.
Function 0 (initial call) resumes execution at the beginning of time 7 and executes for 1 unit of time.
So function 0 spends 2 + 4 + 1 + 1 = 8 units of total time executing.
Example 3:
Input: n = 2, logs = ["0:start:0","0:start:2","0:end:5","1:start:6","1:end:6","0:end:7"]
Output: [7,1]
Explanation:
Function 0 starts at the beginning of time 0, executes for 2 units of time, and recursively calls itself.
Function 0 (recursive call) starts at the beginning of time 2 and executes for 4 units of time.
Function 0 (initial call) resumes execution then immediately calls function 1.
Function 1 starts at the beginning of time 6, executes 1 units of time, and ends at the end of time 6.
Function 0 resumes execution at the beginning of time 6 and executes for 2 units of time.
So function 0 spends 2 + 4 + 1 = 7 units of total time executing, and function 1 spends 1 unit of total time executing.
Example 4:
Input: n = 2, logs = ["0:start:0","0:start:2","0:end:5","1:start:7","1:end:7","0:end:8"]
Output: [8,1]
Example 5:
Input: n = 1, logs = ["0:start:0","0:end:0"]
Output: [1]
Constraints:
1 <= n <= 100
1 <= logs.length <= 500
0 <= function_id < n
0 <= timestamp <= 10^9
No two start events will happen at the same timestamp.
No two end events will happen at the same timestamp.
Each function has an "end" log for each "start" log.
题目描述:
有一个 单线程 CPU 正在运行一个含有 n 道函数的程序。每道函数都有一个位于 0 和 n-1 之间的唯一标识符。
函数调用 存储在一个 调用栈 上 ：当一个函数调用开始时，它的标识符将会推入栈中。而当一个函数调用结束时，它的标识符将会从栈中弹出。标识符位于栈顶的函数是 当前正在执行的函数 。每当一个函数开始或者结束时，将会记录一条日志，包括函数标识符、是开始还是结束、以及相应的时间戳。
给你一个由日志组成的列表 logs ，其中 logs[i] 表示第 i 条日志消息，该消息是一个按 "{function_id}:{"start" | "end"}:{timestamp}" 进行格式化的字符串。例如，"0:start:3" 意味着标识符为 0 的函数调用在时间戳 3 的 起始开始执行 ；而 "1:end:2" 意味着标识符为 1 的函数调用在时间戳 2 的 末尾结束执行。注意，函数可以 调用多次，可能存在递归调用 。
函数的 独占时间 定义是在这个函数在程序所有函数调用中执行时间的总和，调用其他函数花费的时间不算该函数的独占时间。例如，如果一个函数被调用两次，一次调用执行 2 单位时间，另一次调用执行 1 单位时间，那么该函数的 独占时间 为 2 + 1 = 3 。
以数组形式返回每个函数的 独占时间 ，其中第 i 个下标对应的值表示标识符 i 的函数的独占时间。
示例 :
示例 1：
输入：n = 2, logs = ["0:start:0","1:start:2","1:end:5","0:end:6"]
输出：[3,4]
解释：
函数 0 在时间戳 0 的起始开始执行，执行 2 个单位时间，于时间戳 1 的末尾结束执行。
函数 1 在时间戳 2 的起始开始执行，执行 4 个单位时间，于时间戳 5 的末尾结束执行。
函数 0 在时间戳 6 的开始恢复执行，执行 1 个单位时间。
所以函数 0 总共执行 2 + 1 = 3 个单位时间，函数 1 总共执行 4 个单位时间。
示例 2：
输入：n = 1, logs = ["0:start:0","0:start:2","0:end:5","0:start:6","0:end:6","0:end:7"]
输出：[8]
解释：
函数 0 在时间戳 0 的起始开始执行，执行 2 个单位时间，并递归调用它自身。
函数 0（递归调用）在时间戳 2 的起始开始执行，执行 4 个单位时间。
函数 0（初始调用）恢复执行，并立刻再次调用它自身。
函数 0（第二次递归调用）在时间戳 6 的起始开始执行，执行 1 个单位时间。
函数 0（初始调用）在时间戳 7 的起始恢复执行，执行 1 个单位时间。
所以函数 0 总共执行 2 + 4 + 1 + 1 = 8 个单位时间。
示例 3：
输入：n = 2, logs = ["0:start:0","0:start:2","0:end:5","1:start:6","1:end:6","0:end:7"]
输出：[7,1]
解释：
函数 0 在时间戳 0 的起始开始执行，执行 2 个单位时间，并递归调用它自身。
函数 0（递归调用）在时间戳 2 的起始开始执行，执行 4 个单位时间。
函数 0（初始调用）恢复执行，并立刻调用函数 1 。
函数 1在时间戳 6 的起始开始执行，执行 1 个单位时间，于时间戳 6 的末尾结束执行。
函数 0（初始调用）在时间戳 7 的起始恢复执行，执行 1 个单位时间，于时间戳 7 的末尾结束执行。
所以函数 0 总共执行 2 + 4 + 1 = 7 个单位时间，函数 1 总共执行 1 个单位时间。
示例 4：
输入：n = 2, logs = ["0:start:0","0:start:2","0:end:5","1:start:7","1:end:7","0:end:8"]
输出：[8,1]
示例 5：
输入：n = 1, logs = ["0:start:0","0:end:0"]
输出：[1]
提示:
1 <= n <= 100
1 <= logs.length <= 500
0 <= function_id < n
0 <= timestamp <= 10^9
两个开始事件不会在同一时间戳发生
两个结束事件不会在同一时间戳发生
每道函数都有一个对应 "start" 日志的 "end" 日志
思路:
栈
用一个栈记录函数的 id 和开始时间
遍历 logs 按照 ":" 将 log 分开, 如果是 start 直接压入栈, 否则计算持续时间
因为是单 CPU 所以计算出的持续时间要从栈顶减去
时间复杂度 O(n), 空间复杂度 O(n)
代码:
C++:
class Solution
{
public:
vector<int> exclusiveTime(int n, vector<string>& logs)
{
stack<vector<int>> s;
vector<int> result(n, 0);
int id, cur, time;
for (const auto &log : logs)
{
bool is_start = log.find("start") != -1;
sscanf(log.c_str(), is_start ? "%d:start:%d" : "%d:end:%d", &id, &cur);
if (is_start) s.push(vector<int>{ id, cur });
else
{
vector<int> start = s.top();
s.pop();
time = cur - start.back() + 1;
result[start.front()] += time;
if (!s.empty()) result[s.top().front()] -= time;
}
}
return result;
}
};
Java:
class Solution {
public int[] exclusiveTime(int n, List<String> logs) {
Stack<int[]> stack = new Stack<>();
int[] result = new int[n];
for (String log : logs) {
String[] cur = log.split(":");
if ("start".equals(cur[1])) stack.push(new int[]{ Integer.parseInt(cur[0]), Integer.parseInt(cur[2]) });
else {
int[] top = stack.pop();
int time = Integer.parseInt(cur[2]) - top[1] + 1;
result[top[0]] += time;
if (!stack.isEmpty()) result[stack.peek()[0]] -= time;
}
}
return result;
}
}
Python:
class Solution:
def exclusiveTime(self, n: int, logs: List[str]) -> List[int]:
stack, result = [], [0] * n
for log in logs:
log = log.split(':')
if log[1] == 'start':
stack.append([int(log[0]), int(log[2])])
else:
cur = stack.pop()
time = int(log[2]) - cur[1] + 1
result[cur[0]] += time
if stack:
result[stack[-1][0]] -= time
return result
