一 words and expressions
1. After their internships and residencies, some doctors get a fellowship to continue on with even more specialized training, but that is the end of their official supervised training.
residency：a period of time when a doctor receives special training in a particular type of medicine, especially at a hospital专科住院医生实习期
fellowship：the position of a fellow(= high-ranking teacher at a college)（学院或大学的）研究员职位
2. Once new doctors have reached this stage, they go to work as full-fledged physicians with the assumption that they’ve developed all the skills they need to treat patients effectively.
full-fledged：completely developed, trained, or established 全面发展的; 经过全面训练的; 成熟的
•After seven years of training she's now a fully-fledged doctor.她经过七年的培训，现在已是个完全合格的医生。
造句：A fully-fledged ability to communicate with language relies on many separate processes working together within us.
3. If years of practice make physicians better, then the quality of care they give should increase as they amass more experience.
amass：if you amass money, knowledge, information etc, you gradually collect a large amount of it 积聚，积累，大量收集:
•For 25 years, Darwin amassed evidence to support his theories.
造句：The people amassed for the parade.
4. Army has spent a considerable amount of time and effort figuring out the best way to teach what it calls “adaptive thinking” to its officers
considerable:fairly large, especially large enough to have an effect or be important相当大的〔尤指大到足以产生某种影响的程度〕;
considerate:always thinking of what other people need or want and being careful not to upset them关切的，体贴的; 替他人着想的
considered:a considered opinion, reply, judgment etc is one that you have thought about carefully经仔细考虑的，细想过的
造句：There was considerable diversity in the style of the reports.
二 thoughts
知识与技能的区别
传统的方法是先找出关于正确方法的信息，然后让学生运用那些信息。刻意练习则只聚集于绩效和表现，以及怎样提高绩效和表现。
就拿我们的高等教育举例，大部分的课时都像中学时期一样，坐在教室里，听老师讲着枯燥的理论。最令人费解的是，许多偏重应用的学科都没有多少实践学识。大家肯定会质疑：我们大三大四不是有很多实习吗？可这并不是刻意练习，刻意练习推崇的是在学习理论后能立马有模拟的方式进行练习并且得到练习的反馈。并且现在那些称为实践学时或实习其实更多的是做一些琐碎的后勤工作，并没有做到有目的的练习。
就像我的专业，声称有三分之一的学时，好多课都是由理论学识和实践学时构成。比如说一门课在前两个月上理论，后两个月的课去一些地方实习。可这有一些问题：首先理论和实践的相隔跨度太大，不符合刻意练习的及时反馈的特点；其次，实习多是一些见习，也就是只能看，很少有动手的机会。
