在Hystrix中实现了线程隔离、断路器等一系列的服务保护功能,本文都没有涉及,也没有和spring cloud进行整合,本文内容:
- Hystrix命令的基本使用
- 当依赖的服务发生延迟时,对客户端进行保护
- 回退方法的使用
1 服务提供端
首先需要明确一点,Hystrix是在客户端使用的,先创建一个服务端项目,提供服务,一个简单的spring boot项目即可。
提供两个服务,normalHello可以正常调用;errorHello至少10秒后才会返回结果,Hystrix处于对客户端的保护,会认为该服务超时。
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class MyController {
@RequestMapping(value = "/normalHello", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String normalHello() {
return "Hello World";
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/errorHello", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String errorHello() throws Exception {
Thread.sleep(10000);
return "Error Hello World";
}
}
2 客户端
再创建一个客户端项目,在该项目中使用Hystrix,pom依赖如下:
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.netflix.hystrix</groupId>
<artifactId>hystrix-core</artifactId>
<version>1.5.12</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<version>1.7.25</version>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
<version>4.5.2</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
Hystrix是命令设计模式的实现者,命令执行者和命令调用者完全解耦,将服务的调用作为一个命令。如果想要调用服务器提供的normalHello服务,创建一个实现HystrixCommand的类,并实现run方法,在run方法中实现对服务的调用。
客户端通过httpclient调用服务
public class HelloCommand extends HystrixCommand<String> {
public HelloCommand() {
super(HystrixCommandGroupKey.Factory.asKey("TestGroup"));
}
protected String run() throws Exception {
String url = "http://localhost:8080/normalHello";
HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet(url);
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
HttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget);
return EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
}
}
当调用延迟的服务时,需要再实现一个getFallback方法,就是上篇文章中的回退方法,当被调用的服务出现问题时,直接调用回退方法。
public class ErrorCommand extends HystrixCommand<String> {
public ErrorCommand() {
super(HystrixCommandGroupKey.Factory.asKey("TestGroup"));
}
protected String run() throws Exception {
String url = "http://localhost:8080/errorHello";
HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet(url);
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
HttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget);
return EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
}
protected String getFallback() {
System.out.println("fall back method");
return "fall back hello";
}
}
3 服务调用
然后,实例化一个调用服务的命令,执行命令即可。执行ErrorCommand命令时,因为服务延迟,会直接调用getFallback方法返回结果:
public class NormalMain {
public static void main(String[] args) {
HelloCommand command = new HelloCommand();
String result = command.execute();
System.out.println(result);
}
}
public class ErrorMain {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ErrorCommand command = new ErrorCommand();
String result = command.execute();
System.out.println(result);
}
}