使用OpenGL常用的API，绘制一个简单的隧道模型并贴图。最终下过如下：
完成代码：
#include "GLTools.h"
#include "GLShaderManager.h"
#include "GLFrustum.h"
#include "GLBatch.h"
#include "GLFrame.h"
#include "GLMatrixStack.h"
#include "GLGeometryTransform.h"
#ifdef __APPLE__
#include <glut/glut.h>
#else
#define FREEGLUT_STATIC
#include <GL/glut.h>
#endif
GLShaderManager shaderManager; //着色器管理器
GLMatrixStack modelViewMatrix; //模型视图矩阵
GLMatrixStack projectionMatrix; //投影矩阵
GLFrustum viewFrustum; //视景体
GLGeometryTransform transformPipeline; //几何变换管线
//4个批次容器类
GLBatch floorBatch;//地面
GLBatch ceilingBatch;//天花板
GLBatch leftWallBatch;//左墙面
GLBatch rightWallBatch;//右墙面
//深度初始值，-65。
GLfloat viewZ = -60.0f;
// 纹理标识符号
#define TEXTURE_BRICK 0 //墙面
#define TEXTURE_FLOOR 1 //地板
#define TEXTURE_CEILING 2 //纹理天花板
#define TEXTURE_COUNT 3 //纹理个数
GLuint textures[TEXTURE_COUNT];//纹理标记数组
//文件tag名字数组
const char *szTextureFiles[TEXTURE_COUNT] = { "brick.tga", "floor.tga", "ceiling.tga" };
//菜单栏选择
void ProcessMenu(int value)
{
GLint i ;
for (i = 0 ; i<TEXTURE_COUNT; i++) {
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textures[i]);
switch(value)
{
case 0:
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
break;
case 1:
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
break;
case 2:
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST_MIPMAP_NEAREST);
break;
case 3:
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST_MIPMAP_LINEAR);
break;
case 4:
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_NEAREST);
break;
case 5:
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR);
break;
case 6:
//设置各向异性过滤
GLfloat fLargest;
//获取各向异性过滤的最大数量
glGetFloatv(GL_MAX_TEXTURE_MAX_ANISOTROPY_EXT, &fLargest);
//设置纹理参数(各向异性采样)
glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAX_ANISOTROPY_EXT, fLargest);
break;
case 7:
//设置各向同性过滤，数量为1.0表示(各向同性采样)
glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAX_ANISOTROPY_EXT, 1.0f);
break;
}
}
glutPostRedisplay();
}
//在这个函数里能够在渲染环境中进行任何需要的初始化，它这里的设置并初始化纹理对象
void SetupRC()
{
glClearColor(0, 0, 0, 1);
shaderManager.InitializeStockShaders();
GLbyte * byte;
GLint i, width, height, iComponent;
GLenum eFormat;
glGenTextures(TEXTURE_COUNT, textures);
for (i = 0; i<TEXTURE_COUNT; i++) {
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textures[i]);
byte = gltReadTGABits(szTextureFiles[i], &width, &height, &iComponent, &eFormat);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, iComponent, width, height, 0, eFormat, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, byte);
glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
free(byte);
}
GLfloat z;
floorBatch.Begin(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 28, 1);
for (z = 60.0f; z >= 0.0f; z-= 10.0f) {
floorBatch.MultiTexCoord2f(0, 1.0f, 0.0f);
floorBatch.Vertex3f(-10.0f, -10.0f, z);
floorBatch.MultiTexCoord2f(0, 0.0f, 0.0f);
floorBatch.Vertex3f(10.0f, -10.0f, z);
floorBatch.MultiTexCoord2f(0, 1.0f, 1.0f);
floorBatch.Vertex3f(-10.0f, -10.0f, z - 10.0f);
floorBatch.MultiTexCoord2f(0, 0.0f, 1.0f);
floorBatch.Vertex3f(10.0f, -10.0f, z - 10.0f);
}
floorBatch.End();
ceilingBatch.Begin(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 28, 1);
for (z = 60.0f; z >= 0.0f; z-= 10.0f) {
ceilingBatch.MultiTexCoord2f(0, 0.0f, 0.0f);
ceilingBatch.Vertex3f(-10.0f, 10.0f, z - 10.0f);
ceilingBatch.MultiTexCoord2f(0, 1.0f, 0.0f);
ceilingBatch.Vertex3f(10.0f, 10.0f, z - 10.0f);
ceilingBatch.MultiTexCoord2f(0, 1.0f, 0.0f);
ceilingBatch.Vertex3f(-10.0f, 10.0f, z);
ceilingBatch.MultiTexCoord2f(0, 1.0f, 1.0f);
ceilingBatch.Vertex3f(10.0f, 10.0f, z);
}
ceilingBatch.End();
leftWallBatch.Begin(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 28, 1);
for (z = 60.0f; z >= 0.0f; z-= 10.0f) {
leftWallBatch.MultiTexCoord2f(0, 1.0f, 0.0f);
leftWallBatch.Vertex3f(-10.0f, -10.0f, z);
leftWallBatch.MultiTexCoord2f(0, 1.0f, 1.0f);
leftWallBatch.Vertex3f(-10.0f, 10.0f, z);
leftWallBatch.MultiTexCoord2f(0, 0.0f, 0.0f);
leftWallBatch.Vertex3f(-10.0f, -10.0f, z - 10.0f);
leftWallBatch.MultiTexCoord2f(0, 0.0f, 1.0f);
leftWallBatch.Vertex3f(-10.0f, 10.0f, z - 10.0f);
}
leftWallBatch.End();
rightWallBatch.Begin(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 28, 1);
for (z = 60.0f; z >= 0.0f; z-=10.0f) {
rightWallBatch.MultiTexCoord2f(0, 1.0f, 0.0f);
rightWallBatch.Vertex3f(10.0f, -10.0f, z);
rightWallBatch.MultiTexCoord2f(0, 1.0f, 1.0f);
rightWallBatch.Vertex3f(10.0f, 10.0f, z);
rightWallBatch.MultiTexCoord2f(0, 0.0f, 0.0f);
rightWallBatch.Vertex3f(10.0f, -10.0f, z - 10.0f);
rightWallBatch.MultiTexCoord2f(0, 0.0f, 1.0f);
rightWallBatch.Vertex3f(10.0f, 10.0f, z - 10.0f);
}
rightWallBatch.End();
}
//关闭渲染环境
void ShutdownRC(void)
{
glDeleteTextures(TEXTURE_COUNT, textures);
}
//前后移动视口来对方向键作出响应
void SpecialKeys(int key, int x, int y)
{
if (key == GLUT_KEY_UP) {
viewZ += 0.5f;
}
if (key == GLUT_KEY_DOWN) {
viewZ -= 0.5f;
}
glutPostRedisplay();
}
//改变视景体和视口，在改变窗口大小或初始化窗口调用
void ChangeSize(int w, int h)
{
if (h == 0) h = 1;
glViewport(0, 0, w, h);
viewFrustum.SetPerspective(80, float(w)/float(h), 1, 120);
projectionMatrix.LoadMatrix(viewFrustum.GetProjectionMatrix());
transformPipeline.SetMatrixStacks(modelViewMatrix, projectionMatrix);
}
//调用，绘制场景
void RenderScene(void)
{
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
modelViewMatrix.PushMatrix();
modelViewMatrix.Translate(0, 0, viewZ);
shaderManager.UseStockShader(GLT_SHADER_TEXTURE_REPLACE,transformPipeline.GetModelViewProjectionMatrix(),0);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textures[TEXTURE_FLOOR]);
floorBatch.Draw();
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textures[TEXTURE_CEILING]);
ceilingBatch.Draw();
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textures[TEXTURE_BRICK]);
leftWallBatch.Draw();
rightWallBatch.Draw();
modelViewMatrix.PopMatrix();
glutSwapBuffers();
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
gltSetWorkingDirectory(argv[0]);
// 标准初始化
glutInit(&argc, argv);
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGB);
glutInitWindowSize(800, 600);
glutCreateWindow("Tunnel");
glutReshapeFunc(ChangeSize);
glutSpecialFunc(SpecialKeys);
glutDisplayFunc(RenderScene);
// 添加菜单入口，改变过滤器
glutCreateMenu(ProcessMenu);
glutAddMenuEntry("GL_NEAREST",0);
glutAddMenuEntry("GL_LINEAR",1);
glutAddMenuEntry("GL_NEAREST_MIPMAP_NEAREST",2);
glutAddMenuEntry("GL_NEAREST_MIPMAP_LINEAR", 3);
glutAddMenuEntry("GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_NEAREST", 4);
glutAddMenuEntry("GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR", 5);
glutAddMenuEntry("Anisotropic Filter", 6);
glutAddMenuEntry("Anisotropic Off", 7);
glutAttachMenu(GLUT_RIGHT_BUTTON);
GLenum err = glewInit();
if (GLEW_OK != err) {
fprintf(stderr, "GLEW Error: %s\n", glewGetErrorString(err));
return 1;
}
// 启动循环，关闭纹理
SetupRC();
glutMainLoop();
ShutdownRC();
return 0;
}
纹理坐标对应关系如下:
总结：
1.读取的纹理可以翻转使用，正反面都可以用来填充。
2.绘制流程：指定生成纹理ID的数量和数组 —>绑定纹理ID—>读取.tga文件载入纹理 —>设置过滤方式和环绕 —> 设置纹理和顶点对应关系 —> 绑定相应的纹理并用对应的批次类绘制
3.修改纹理环绕过滤方式前，也需要绑定纹理ID
