ListView绝对可以称得上是Android中最常用的控件之一。
ListView的简单用法:
首先listview是用来展示大量数据。那我们就应该先将数据提供好。当然数组中的数据是无法直接传给ListView的,这时候我们就需要适配器。例:ArrayAdapter。
在ArrayAdapter的构造函数中依次传入当前上下文、ListView子项布局的id,
以及要适配的数据。最后调用ListView的setAdapter()
方法将构建好的适配器对象传递进去,就这样ListView和数据之间的关系就建立完成了。
定制ListView的界面
在大多数情况下,系统的ListView无法满足业务需求,这时候我们就需要对ListView的界面进行定制。
举个例子:
- 定义一个实体类,作为ListView适配器的适配类型
public class Fruit {
private String name;
private int imageId;
...
}
- 为ListVIew的子项指定一个我们自定义的布局
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/fruit_image"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
<TextView
android:id="@+id/fruit_name"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"
android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"/>
</LinearLayout>
- 创建一个自定义的适配器,此适配器继承ArrayAdapter,并将泛型指向实体类:
public class FruitAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<Fruit> {
private int resourceId;
LayoutInflater mInflater = null;
public FruitAdapter(Context context , int textViewResourceId , List<Fruit> objects) {
super(context,textViewResourceId,objects);
resourceId = textViewResourceId;
}
@NonNull
@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
Fruit fruit = getItem(position);//获取当前项的Fruit实例
//将加载好的布局进行缓存,可重用
View view;
ViewHolder viewHolder;
if (convertView == null){
view = mInflater.inflate(resourceId,parent,false);
viewHolder = new ViewHolder();
viewHolder.fruitImage = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_image);
viewHolder.fruitName = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);
view.setTag(viewHolder);
}else {
view = convertView;
viewHolder = (ViewHolder) view.getTag();
}
viewHolder.fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getImageId());
viewHolder.fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());
return view;
}
//借助ViewHolder,将控件进行缓存,可重用
class ViewHolder{
ImageView fruitImage;
TextView fruitName;
}
}
- MainActivity继承BaseActivity
//BaseActivity
public abstract class BaseActivity extends AppCompatActivity{
protected Context mContext;
@Override
protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
this.mContext = this;
int layoutId = getLayoutId();
View contentView = LayoutInflater.from(mContext).inflate(layoutId,null,false);
setContentView(contentView);
hideActionBar();
initData();
initView();
initList();
}
/**
*初始化数据
*/
public abstract void initData();
/**
*初始化界面
*/
public abstract void initView();
/**
*隐藏标题栏
*/
public void hideActionBar(){
ActionBar actionBar = getSupportActionBar();
if (actionBar != null){
actionBar.hide();
}
}
/**
* 获取布局文件的id
*
* @return
*/
public abstract int getLayoutId();
}
//MainActivity
public class MainActivity extends BaseActivity implements AdapterView.OnItemClickListener{
private List<Fruit> fruitList = new ArrayList<>();
@Override
public void initData() {
for (int i = 0 ; i<2 ;i++){
Fruit apple = new Fruit("Apple",R.drawable.apple_pic);
fruitList.add(apple);
Fruit banana = new Fruit("Banana",R.drawable.banana_pic);
fruitList.add(banana);
Fruit orange = new Fruit("Orange",R.drawable.orange_pic);
fruitList.add(orange);
Fruit watermelon = new Fruit("Watermelon",R.drawable.watermelon_pic);
fruitList.add(watermelon);
Fruit pear = new Fruit("Pear",R.drawable.pear_pic);
fruitList.add(pear);
Fruit grape = new Fruit("Grape",R.drawable.grape_pic);
fruitList.add(grape);
Fruit pineapple = new Fruit("Pineapple",R.drawable.pineapple_pic);
fruitList.add(pineapple);
Fruit strawberry = new Fruit("Strawberry",R.drawable.strawberry_pic);
fruitList.add(strawberry);
Fruit cherry = new Fruit("Cherry",R.drawable.cherry_pic);
fruitList.add(cherry);
Fruit mango = new Fruit("Mango",R.drawable.mango_pic);
fruitList.add(mango);
}
}
@Override
public void initView() {
FruitAdapter adapter = new FruitAdapter(MainActivity.this,R.layout.fruit_item,fruitList);
ListView listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.list_view);
listView.setAdapter(adapter);
listView.setOnItemClickListener(this);
}
@Override
public int getLayoutId() {
return R.layout.activity_main;
}
@Override
public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
//点击listView子项,弹出提示框显示该子项的Name
Fruit fruit = fruitList.get(position);
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,fruit.getName(),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
好至此就完成这个小例子了。
更强大的滚动控件——RecyclerView:
可以说RecyclerView是优化和强化过的ListView,Android官方也推荐使用RecyclerView。
举个例子:
- RecyclerView也属于新增的控件,所以要先导包。
在app/build.gradle中:
compile 'com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:24.2.1'
- 仿上一个ListView例子:
同样准备一个Fruit类和fruit_item.xml,新建一个FruitAdapter类,让这个类继承自RecyclerView.Adatper,并将泛型指定为FruitAdapter.ViewHolder。
public class FruitAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<FruitAdapter.ViewHolder>{
private List<Fruit> mFruitList;
/**
*定义一个ViewHolder的类,在ViewHolder的构造函数中传入一个View参数,
*这个参数通常为RecyclerView子项的最外层布局。
*/
static class ViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder{
ImageView fruitImage;
TextView fruitName;
public ViewHolder(View itemView) {
super(itemView);
fruitImage = (ImageView) itemView.findViewById(R.id.fruit_image);
fruitName = (TextView) itemView.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);
}
}
//构造函数,用于取数据源
public FruitAdapter(List<Fruit> mFruitList) {
this.mFruitList = mFruitList;
}
//用于创建ViewHolder实例。在此,我们将子项布局加载进来,然后传入构造函数,最后返回viewHolder。
@Override
public ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
View view = LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext()).inflate(R.layout.fruit_item,parent,false);
ViewHolder viewHolder = new ViewHolder(view);
return viewHolder;
}
//用于对RecyclerView子项的数据进行赋值,会在每个子项被滚动到屏幕内执行。
@Override
public void onBindViewHolder(ViewHolder holder, int position) {
Fruit fruit = mFruitList.get(position);
holder.fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getImageId());
holder.fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());
}
//子项的个数
@Override
public int getItemCount() {
return mFruitList.size();
}
}
- MainActivity
@Overridepublic void initView() {
RecyclerView recyclerView = (RecyclerView) findViewById(R.id.recycler_view);
LinearLayoutManager layoutManager = new LinearLayoutManager(this);
recyclerView.setLayoutManager(layoutManager);
FruitAdapter adapter = new FruitAdapter(fruitList);
recyclerView.setAdapter(adapter);
}
初始化界面中,我们先获取到RecyclerView的实例,然后通过LinearLayoutManager对象以setLayoutManager()
方法设置RecyclerView的布局方式(这里使用的LinearLayoutManager是线性布局的意思)
然后实例一个adapter,通过setAdapter()
完成适配器设置。
实现横向滚动和瀑布流布局
其实实现横向滚动很简单,就如上面的例子。我们只要设置layoutManager.setOrientation(LinearLayoutManager.HORIZONTAL)
就行了。
RecyclerView能轻松实现这些效果的原因是RecyclerView的布局排列是交给LayoutManager管理的,而LayoutManager中制定了一套可扩展的布局排列接口,子类只要按接口规范来实现,就能制定出各种不同的排列方式的布局了。
同样RecyclerView还提供了GridLayoutManager和StaggeredGridLayoutManager这两种内置的布局排列方式。
GridLayoutManager:实现网格布局
StaggeredGridLayoutManager:实现瀑布流布局
实现瀑布流布局只要加这句就可以了StaggeredGridLayoutManager layoutManager = new StaggeredGridLayoutManager(3,StaggeredGridLayoutManager.VERTICAL);
参数一:指定布局的列数;参数二:指定布局的排列方向,这里是纵向。
实现网格布局加这句:GridLayoutManager layoutManager = new GridLayoutManager(GridLayoutManager.VERTICAL,3);
其参数与瀑布相似。
RecyclerView的点击事件
RecyclerView的所有的点击事件都由具体的View去注册。
举个例子:
...
static class ViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder{
ImageView fruitImage;
TextView fruitName;
//定义一个View接收子项的View
View fruitView;
public ViewHolder(View itemView) {
super(itemView);
fruitView = itemView;
fruitImage = (ImageView) itemView.findViewById(R.id.fruit_image);
fruitName = (TextView) itemView.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);
}
}
...
@Overridepublic
ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
View view = LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext()).inflate(R.layout.fruit_item,parent,false);
final ViewHolder viewHolder = new ViewHolder(view);
//注册子项点击事件
viewHolder.fruitView.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
int position = viewHolder.getAdapterPosition();
Fruit fruit = mFruitList.get(position);
Toast.makeText(v.getContext(),"you clicked view "+fruit.getName(),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
);
//注册子项中的控件的点击事件
viewHolder.fruitImage.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
int position = viewHolder.getAdapterPosition();
Fruit fruit = mFruitList.get(position);
Toast.makeText(v.getContext(),"you clicked image "+fruit.getName(),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
);
return viewHolder;
}
不得不说RecyclerView确实比ListView强大。