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TPO 55 Mesolithic Complexity in Scandinavia 精读总结(词、句、段落篇章、写作四个方面进行总结)-- by Lindy
1.Vocabulary
先猜后查,注意英文解释
词汇题:
confined:limited to
exploiting: taking advantage of
Indicative of: suggesting
重点词汇:
Mesolithic adj. 中石器时代的 n. 中石器时代
Scandinavian. 斯堪的纳维亚
somewhat adv. 有点,稍微
forest game猎物 (wild mammals or birds hunted for sport or food)
waterfowl 水禽;水鸟
shellfish甲壳类动物
sea mammals海洋哺乳动物
inhabitant n. 居民;居住者
扩充:注意辨析 habit习惯;inhabit 居住,栖息;inhibit 抑制;禁止
elaborateadj. 精心制作的;详尽的;vt. 精心制作;详细阐述;
predecessors n. 前任,前辈
culmination n. 顶点;高潮
fowlingv. 捕猎(野禽)(fowl 的现在分词)n. 野禽捕猎
dugout canoes n. 独木舟
sedentary(adj. 久坐的;坐惯的;定栖的) settlement 定居的生活
hunter-gatherers打猎-采集者
扩充:nomadic forager游走的觅食者/sedentary forager 定居的觅食者
affluent adj. 富裕的;丰富的;流畅的 n. 支流;富人
quest n. 追求;寻找; vi. 追求;寻找vt. 探索
territory n. 领土,领域;范围;terrestrial adj. 地球的;陆地的,[生物] 陆生的;
扩充:extraterrestrial adj.地球外的
artifactn. 人工制品,手工艺品;
well-delineated描绘(delineate的过去式和过去分词)
encampments n. 营地;露营
soughtv. 寻找(seek的过去式和过去分词)
preadaptation n. [生物] 预适应
catalystn. [物化] 催化剂;刺激因素
commonplace n. 司空见惯的事,普通的东西;adj. 平凡的,普通的;平庸的
subsist vi. 存在;维持生活 (subsist off/on sth 靠...生活)
2.Sentence
划主干,理逻辑,做翻译
There was a trendnearly everywhere toward greater variety in the diet, with more attention being paid to less obvious foods and (省略了more attention being paid)to those(指的是food) that require more complex processing methods than do game and other such resources.
几乎所有地方在饮食上的趋势都是更加丰富多元,更多的注意力被放在不是那么明显的事物上和那些比起猎物和其它类似资源更需要复杂处理方法的食物上。
Thus, in parts of Europe,there was along-termtrend among hunter-gatherer societies toward a more extensive exploitation of food resources, often within the context of a strategy that sought ways to minimize the impact of environmental uncertainty.
所以在欧洲的一些地方,在打猎和采集的社会中有对食物资源更加全面利用的长期趋势,通常这种趋势伴随着寻找最小化环境不确定性影响的策略。
In more favored southern Scandinavia,such societies achieved a new level of social complexitythat was to become commonplace among later farming peoples, andthis preadaptation proved an important catalystfor rapid economic and social change when farming did come to Europe.
在更加有利的南斯堪的纳维亚,这样的社会达到了新的一种社会复杂性,这种复杂性在之后的农业人群中变得更加常见,而这种预先适应证明了它是一个重要的对经济和社会发展的促进因素,当农业来到欧洲时。
分析:两个并列分句组成了这个复合句,并列连词是and,两个分句的地位是一样的。
3.Paragraph & Passage
记每段主题/主要细节
1: three subdivisions:M Period,K Period,E period (注意“数词+名词复数”表示分类列举 )
2. E period:coastal settlements & wide range of food sources
3: sedentary settlement & evidence of burial
4:climatic changes less extreme/fewer coastal adaptation --Mesolithic cultures less well- defined
5:long-term trend of extensive exploitation of food resources
4.Writing
总结词组句型
A testify to B
A证明了B
...(Period) is a time of
... 某时期是....的时期
With A comes B
随着A,B也到来了
A intensify B by doing sth
A增强了B,通过...(的方式)
A is indicative of B
A说明/表明了B
A is confined to B
A被限制到了B
There is a (long term)trend toward ...
有一个(长期)...的趋势
seek ways to do sth
寻找做...的方式
a catalyst for sth
某事的催化剂
每篇文章做完之后,如果能从这几个方面做好精读总结,外加错题的分析,没事儿经常拿出来复习,这篇文章才算真正利用消化好哦!加油!