说起美国的往事,就不得不提五月花号。
五月花号并非是从英国移民北美的第一艘船只,但却是英国移民行驶北美的一艘最为著名的船只。在前往新大陆之前,他原本是一艘进行商业贸易的货船,主要来往于英国和法国以及挪威,德国,西班牙等其他欧洲国家之间。全船乘客共计105名。其中分离派教徒35名。14名契约奴,其余均为工匠,渔民,贫苦农民。
清教徒分离主义派是英国清教中最激进的一派,由于长期受到英国国教的残酷与迫害。在1608年,其中一部分教徒决定离开英国到荷兰,迁居北美。在大西洋的风浪里颠簸了五个多月,终于到达了北美。在登陆之前,由分离派领袖在船舱内主持制定了第一个共同遵守的《五月花号公约》,其中有41名自由的成年男子在上面签字。这份公约奠定了新英格兰诸洲自治政府的基础,自此开放了一个自我管理的社会结构,这在神权和王权统治的年代暗示了许多民主的信念。
原文
TheMayflower Compact
Having
undertaken, for the Glory of God, and advancements of the Christian
faith and honor of our King and Country, a voyage to plant the first
colony in the Northern parts of Virginia, do by these presents, solemnly
and mutually, in the presence of God, and one another, covenant and
combine ourselves together into a civil body politic; for our better
ordering, and preservation and furtherance of the ends aforesaid; and by
virtue hereof to enact, constitute, and frame, such just and equal
laws, ordinances, acts, constitutions, and offices, from time to time,
as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the general good of the
colony; unto which we promise all due submission and obedience.
In witness whereof we have hereunto subscribed our names at Cape Cod the 11th of November, in the year of the reign of our Sovereign Lord King James, of England, France, and Ireland, the eighteenth, and of Scotland the fifty-fourth, 1620.[2]