0x00 前言
趁有时间整理一下关于搭建 VMware 共享文件夹的相关步骤
本文所使用的环境：
VMware： Workstation 16 Pro & 16.2.0 build-18760230
host： Windows 11 Pro & 22000.282
guest： ArchLinux & 5.14.14-arch1-1
0x01 开启 host 共享文件夹
-
在Win11上创建一个空文件夹(名字随意)，例如：
E:\hostshare
-
开启 VMware host共享文件夹:
settings > Options > Shared Folders > Always enabled
Folders > add > select "E:\hostshare"
sharefolder-enable
select-sharefolder
最后确认即可。
注意：后面涉及的 ".host:/" 指的并不是绝对路径，而单纯就是 host 共享文件夹的名字，不管它上层有多少个文件夹。
0x02 在 guest 中安装并配置相关软件
In-kernel drivers
- 添加内核模块
/etc/mkinitcpio.conf
MODULES=(... vmw_balloon vmw_pvscsi vsock vmw_vsock_vmci_transport ...)
- 重新编译内核
mkinitcpio -P
Open-VM-Tools
- 安装 open-vm-tools
pacman -S --noconfirm open-vm-tools
- start & enable service
## Service responsible for the Virtual Machine status report.
systemctl start vmtoolsd.service
systemctl enable vmtoolsd.service
## Filesystem utility. Enables drag & drop functionality between host and guest through FUSE (Filesystem in Userspace).
systemctl start vmware-vmblock-fuse.service
systemctl enable vmware-vmblock-fuse.service
- 安装 gtkmm3 (To enable copy and paste between host and guest gtkmm3 is required.)
pacman -S --noconfirm gtkmm3
- 检查共享文件夹是否启用
vmware-hgfsclient
如果有输出：hostshare，则表示已启用，否则回到 步骤0x01 检查是否有误。
Xorg configuration
- 安装依赖
pacman -S --noconfirm xf86-input-vmmouse xf86-video-vmware mesa
-
if booting into multi-user.target or using an uncommon setup (e.g. multiple monitors)
to give permission for loading drivers.
echo "needs_root_rights=yes" > /etc/X11/Xwrapper.config
Shared Folders with vmhgfs-fuse utility
- 在ArchLinux的家目录下创建一个guest共享文件夹（路径与名字随意）
mkdir -p /home/skillf/guestshare
- 在
/etc/fuse.conf中取消下面一行的注释，表示允许其他用户访问
user_allow_other
- 将host共享文件夹挂载到guest共享文件夹(临时挂载)，如果guest共享文件夹是非空文件夹，则要加参数 -o nonempty，另外挂载之后guest共享文件夹里的东西将被隐藏一直到卸载，所以guest共享文件夹最好在未挂载时，保持为空文件夹：
vmhgfs-fuse -o allow_other -o auto_unmount .host:/hostshare /home/skillf/guestshare
注意：第3步为临时挂载，在重启后需要再次手动挂载，所以我们应该让它一开机自动挂载
这里推荐两种开机自动挂载方式：
- 方法一：在 /etc/fstab 在最后添加一行即可：
.host:/hostshare /home/skillf/guestshare fuse.vmhgfs-fuse nofail,allow_other 0 0
- 方法二：使用Systemd，创建一个开机自启服务(名字随意，但必须.service结尾) 例如：hostshare-guestshare.service，将挂载命令丢入服务中即可：
[Unit]
Description=Load VMware shared folders
Requires=vmware-vmblock-fuse.service
After=vmware-vmblock-fuse.service
ConditionPathExists=.host:/hostshare
ConditionVirtualization=vmware
[Service]
Type=oneshot
RemainAfterExit=yes
ExecStart=/usr/bin/vmhgfs-fuse -o allow_other -o auto_unmount .host:/hostshare /home/skillf/guestshare
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
最后将 hostshare-guestshare.service 复制到 /etc/systemd/system/，并启用服务：
cp hostshare-guestshare.service /etc/systemd/system/
systemctl start hostshare-guestshare.service
systemctl enable hostshare-guestshare.service
Time synchronization
- guest中时间常常与host中的时间不一致，所以需要以host作为同步时间源，进行同步
vmware-toolbox-cmd timesync enable
hwclock --hctosys --localtime
至此手动开启共享文件的步骤已整理完毕，再进一步写成名为 vmwareshare.sh 的脚本吧：
#!/bin/bash
###
# @Author: skillf
# @Date: 2021-11-02 21:20:10
# @LastEditTime: 2021-11-03 09:45:18
# @FilePath: \archlinuxInstall\vmware.sh
###
# Print the command. The script ends when the command fails.
# -o pipefail : As soon as a subcommand fails, the entire pipeline command fails and the script terminates.
set -euo pipefail
# Please uncomment it to see how it works
#set -x
# The shared folder in host
hostshare="host"
# The shared folder in guest
guestshare="/home/skillf/guest"
# ##*/ Cut the string after the last '/' from left to right
service=$hostshare-$(echo ${guestshare##*/}).service
# Check VMware share folder
pacman -Sy
pacman -S --noconfirm open-vm-tools
if ! vmware-hgfsclient | grep $hostshare > /dev/null; then
echo -e "\033[031mERROR: The VMware shared folder \"$hostshare\" is not enabled !\033[0m"
exit 0
fi
# In-kernel drivers
sed -i 's/^MODULES=()/MODULES=(vmw_balloon vmw_pvscsi vsock vmw_vsock_vmci_transport)/' /etc/mkinitcpio.conf
mkinitcpio -P
# Open-VM-Tools
pacman -S --noconfirm gtkmm3
## Service responsible for the Virtual Machine status report.
systemctl start vmtoolsd.service
systemctl enable vmtoolsd.service
## Filesystem utility. Enables drag & drop functionality between host and guest through FUSE (Filesystem in Userspace).
systemctl start vmware-vmblock-fuse.service
systemctl enable vmware-vmblock-fuse.service
# Xorg configuration
pacman -S --noconfirm xf86-input-vmmouse xf86-video-vmware mesa
echo "needs_root_rights=yes" > /etc/X11/Xwrapper.config
if df | grep $guestshare$ | grep vmhgfs-fuse > /dev/null; then
systemctl stop $service
systemctl disable $service
rm -rf /etc/systemd/system/$service
rm -rf $guestshare
fi
mkdir -p $guestshare
# Change the owner permission of a shared folder
chown -R skillf:skillf $guestshare
sed -i 's/^#user_allow_other/user_allow_other/' /etc/fuse.conf
cat > /etc/systemd/system/$service <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=Load VMware shared folders
Requires=vmware-vmblock-fuse.service
After=vmware-vmblock-fuse.service
ConditionPathExists=.host:/$hostshare
ConditionVirtualization=vmware
[Service]
Type=oneshot
RemainAfterExit=yes
ExecStart=/usr/bin/vmhgfs-fuse -o allow_other -o auto_unmount .host:/$hostshare $guestshare
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
systemctl start $service
systemctl enable $service
# Time synchronization
# Host machine as time source
vmware-toolbox-cmd timesync enable
hwclock --hctosys --localtime
然后在 $HOME/.xinitrc 文件中添加：
注意：如果是使用的是WM，比如：dwm 那么应该在其之前的行添加
## Tool to enable clipboard sharing (copy/paste) between host and guest.
vmware-user &
最后使用脚本：
sudo chmod a+x vmwareshare.sh
sudo ./vmwareshare.sh
注意：如果是在Windows下编辑的代码，那么在Linux运行之前需要转换一下格式，否则会报错：
-bash: xxx: /bin/bash^M: bad interpreter: No such file or directory
pacman -S --noconfirm dos2unix
dos2unix vmwareshare.sh
Tips:
- 卸载 guest 共享文件夹：
- 如果是在命令行直接挂载，则可以使用 umount 卸载：
sudo umount -l /home/skillf/guestshare- 如果是使用 Systemd 启用服务的方式挂载，则移除服务之后自动卸载：
systemctl stop hostshare-guestshare.service systemctl disable hostshare-guestshare.service - 往虚拟机中拖拽文件，将被保存在目录：
~/.cache/vmware/drag_and_drop/
