命令如下

安装必要工具
sudo apt install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common
下载官方GPG密钥
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg
存储库索引加入docker镜像源（换成阿里的可能快一点）
echo "deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null
更新存储库索引
sudo apt update
安装docker
sudo apt install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
将当前用户加入到docker组
sudo sudo usermod -aG docker 用户名