Maven 基础使用

参考 & 推荐

Eleven_Lee - 项目管理利器——maven imooc的视频教程(2小时), 推荐看一遍, 快速入门.

配置maven的中央库

因为种种原因, 使用国内的源会快很多, 所以这一步先做好比较省时间.
编辑~/.m2/settings.xml, 没有该文件的话直接创建即可.

gedit ~/.m2/settings.xml # 直接复制下面这段内容即可

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<settings xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0"
          xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
          xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd">

    <proxies>
        <proxy>
            <id>ss</id>
            <active>true</active>
            <protocol>socks5</protocol>
            <username></username>
            <password></password>
            <host>127.0.0.1</host>
            <port>1080</port>
            <nonProxyHosts>127.0.0.1</nonProxyHosts>
        </proxy>
    </proxies>

    <mirrors>
        <!-- 阿里云仓库 -->
        <mirror>
            <id>alimaven</id>
            <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
            <name>aliyun maven</name>
            <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/repositories/central/</url>
        </mirror>
    <!--
        
        <mirror>
            <id>repo1</id>
            <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
            <name>Human Readable Name for this Mirror.</name>
            <url>http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/</url>
        </mirror>
    

        <mirror>
            <id>repo2</id>
            <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
            <name>Human Readable Name for this Mirror.</name>
            <url>http://repo2.maven.org/maven2/</url>
        </mirror>
    -->
    </mirrors> 
</settings>

约定的目录格式

假设当前项目的根目录是App.

App
- pom.xml
  maven项目的配置文件, 每个项目应该只有一个pom.xml
- source code
  src/main/java
  存放源代码
- resources
  src/main/resources
  资源文件, 比如说MyBatis等的XML配置文件. 该目录下的文件编译之后会被复制到target/classes目录中, 所以在代码中直接用getResourceAsStrem()方法就能得到相应的资源文件.
- Test
  src/test
  存放测试用例
- target
  target
  存放各种目标文件
- target/classes
  target/classes
  存放编译后的class和resources文件夹中的文件.
  class按照package建立相应的目录结构
  src/main/resources文件夹中的文件和目录被拷贝到该目录下, 比如说有src/main/resources/spring/config.xml和src/main/resources/user.properties文件在src/main/resources目录下, 那么编译之后target/classes中就会有spring/config.xml和user.properties.

pom.xml基本配置

最简单配置

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>me.xiaofud</groupId>
  <artifactId>mabatis-learning</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>jar</packaging>

</project>

根元素是<project>

You need to specify the basic schema settings such as apache schema and w3.org specification.

Model version
写4.0.0即可
groupId
类似包名

This is an Id of project's group. This is generally unique amongst an organization or a project. For example, a banking group com.company.bank has all bank related projects.

artifactId

This is an Id of the project. This is generally name of the project. For example, consumer-banking. Along with the groupId, the artifactId defines the artifact's location within the repository.

version

This is the version of the project. Along with the groupId, It is used within an artifact's repository to separate versions from each other. For example,

com.company.bank:consumer-banking:1.0

com.company.bank:consumer-banking:1.1.

添加依赖

往pom.xml文件中加了<dependencies>, 其中添加了junit和mybatis以及mysql-connector-java的依赖. 添加依赖的最基本设置, 就是在<dependencies>内添加<dependency>. 然后输入该依赖的groupdId, artifactId, 以及version即可. 依赖的这些属性可以到maven中央仓库搜索, 然后将groudId这些配置信息复制过来即可.

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>me.xiaofud</groupId>
  <artifactId>mabatis-learning</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>jar</packaging>

  <!--The full name of the project.-->
  <name>mabatis-learning</name>
  <!--URL-->
  <url>your web site here</url>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.12</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
      <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
      <version>3.4.2</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/mysql/mysql-connector-java -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        <version>6.0.6</version>
    </dependency>


  </dependencies>
</project>

mvn compile 命令

在src/main/java中写几个Java类, 然后往src/main/resources文件中加一些资源文件, 就能很快使用maven进行一次编译. 将命令行的工作目录设定到项目的根目录, 输入:

mvn compile

即可执行编译.
输出结果:

[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]                                                                         
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building mabatis-learning 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.3:resources (default-resources) @ mabatis-learning ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] Copying 5 resources
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.2:compile (default-compile) @ mabatis-learning ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[INFO] Compiling 9 source files to /home/smallfly/programming_projects/java/spring/mabatislearning/target/classes
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 1.377 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2017-11-07T23:51:47+08:00
[INFO] Final Memory: 13M/156M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

此时发现当前目录下出现了target文件夹, 里面的目录树如下:

target/
├── classes
│   ├── mapping
│   │   ├── job-mapper.xml
│   │   └── syllabus-mapper.xml
│   ├── me
│   │   └── xiaofud
│   │       ├── dao
│   │       │   ├── JobDao.class
│   │       │   └── SyllabusDao.class
│   │       ├── entity
│   │       │   ├── Comment.class
│   │       │   ├── Job.class
│   │       │   ├── Post.class
│   │       │   └── User.class
│   │       └── tests
│   │           ├── JobDaoTest.class
│   │           ├── SyllabusTest.class
│   │           └── TestWithoutXML.class
│   ├── mybatis-config.xml
│   ├── mybatis-syllabus-config.xml
│   └── properties
│       └── database.properties

对比src/main文件

src/
├── main
│   ├── java
│   │   └── me
│   │       └── xiaofud
│   │           ├── dao
│   │           │   ├── JobDao.java
│   │           │   └── SyllabusDao.java
│   │           ├── entity
│   │           │   ├── Comment.java
│   │           │   ├── Job.java
│   │           │   ├── Post.java
│   │           │   └── User.java
│   │           └── tests
│   │               ├── JobDaoTest.java
│   │               ├── SyllabusTest.java
│   │               └── TestWithoutXML.java
│   └── resources
│       ├── mapping
│       │   ├── job-mapper.xml
│       │   └── syllabus-mapper.xml
│       ├── mybatis-config.xml
│       ├── mybatis-syllabus-config.xml
│       └── properties
│           └── database.properties
└── test
    └── java
        └── me
            └── xiaofud
                └── AppTest.java

使用maven生成WAR文件, 方便直接部署到Web容器中运行.

Maven-war-plugin/usage

项目结构

├── pom.xml
├── springmvc101.iml
└── src
    └── main
        ├── java
        │   └── me
        │       └── xiaofud
        │           └── spring101
        │               └── controllers
        │                   └── MainController.java
        ├── resources
        │   └── dispatcher-servlet.xml
        ├── test
        └── webapp
            ├── index.html
            ├── index.jsp
            └── WEB-INF
                └── web.xml

pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>me.xiaofud</groupId>
  <artifactId>springmvc101</artifactId>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>springmvc101 Maven Webapp</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

  <dependencies>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.12</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>

      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
          <version>4.3.8.RELEASE</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
          <version>4.3.8.RELEASE</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
          <version>4.3.8.RELEASE</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
          <version>4.3.8.RELEASE</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
          <version>4.3.8.RELEASE</version>
      </dependency>


  </dependencies>

  <build>
    <finalName>springmvc101</finalName>
  </build>

</project>

注意<packaging>war</packaging>, 指明了打包目标为war类型.
在pom.xml所在目录, 直接运行:

mvn package

输出:

[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]                                                                         
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building springmvc101 Maven Webapp 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.3:resources (default-resources) @ springmvc101 ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (UTF-8 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Copying 1 resource
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.2:compile (default-compile) @ springmvc101 ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding UTF-8, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to /home/smallfly/programming_projects/java/spring/springmvc101/target/classes
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.3:testResources (default-testResources) @ springmvc101 ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (UTF-8 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /home/smallfly/programming_projects/java/spring/springmvc101/src/test/resources
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.2:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ springmvc101 ---
[INFO] No sources to compile
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.17:test (default-test) @ springmvc101 ---
[INFO] No tests to run.
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-war-plugin:2.1.1:war (default-war) @ springmvc101 ---
[INFO] Packaging webapp
[INFO] Assembling webapp [springmvc101] in [/home/smallfly/programming_projects/java/spring/springmvc101/target/springmvc101]
[INFO] Processing war project
[INFO] Copying webapp resources [/home/smallfly/programming_projects/java/spring/springmvc101/src/main/webapp]
[INFO] Webapp assembled in [56 msecs]
[INFO] Building war: /home/smallfly/programming_projects/java/spring/springmvc101/target/springmvc101.war
[INFO] WEB-INF/web.xml already added, skipping
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 2.125 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2017-11-09T00:04:25+08:00
[INFO] Final Memory: 18M/191M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

target目录结构:

├── classes
│   ├── dispatcher-servlet.xml
│   └── me
│       └── xiaofud
│           └── spring101
│               └── controllers
│                   └── MainController.class
├── maven-archiver
│   └── pom.properties
├── maven-status
│   └── maven-compiler-plugin
│       └── compile
│           └── default-compile
│               ├── createdFiles.lst
│               └── inputFiles.lst
├── springmvc101
│   ├── index.html
│   ├── index.jsp
│   ├── META-INF
│   └── WEB-INF
│       ├── classes
│       │   ├── dispatcher-servlet.xml
│       │   └── me
│       │       └── xiaofud
│       │           └── spring101
│       │               └── controllers
│       │                   └── MainController.class
│       ├── lib
│       │   ├── aspectjweaver-1.8.9.jar
│       │   ├── commons-logging-1.2.jar
│       │   ├── hamcrest-core-1.3.jar
│       │   ├── junit-4.12.jar
│       │   ├── spring-aop-4.3.8.RELEASE.jar
│       │   ├── spring-aspects-4.3.8.RELEASE.jar
│       │   ├── spring-beans-4.3.8.RELEASE.jar
│       │   ├── spring-context-4.3.8.RELEASE.jar
│       │   ├── spring-core-4.3.8.RELEASE.jar
│       │   ├── spring-expression-4.3.8.RELEASE.jar
│       │   ├── spring-web-4.3.8.RELEASE.jar
│       │   └── spring-webmvc-4.3.8.RELEASE.jar
│       └── web.xml
└── springmvc101.war

可以看到, mvn帮我们生成了war文件, 以及war-exploded形式的文件夹(springmvc101).
我们将.war文件或者war-exploded文件夹直接拷贝到Tomcat容器的webapps目录下, 即完成了部署.

如果packaging的值不是war

使用war:war goal

mvn compile war:war # 将编译项目, 以及生成`war`和`war-exploded`

使用war:exploded

mvn compile war:exploded # 仅仅生成`war-exploded`形式

使用war:inplace

Another variation of war:exploded is war:inplace. With war:inplace the exploded WAR is created in the webapp source, which defaults to src/main/webapp

即将war-exploded存到src/main/webapp中.

mvn compile war:inplace

finalName

存放war-exploded的文件夹名称, 默认是target/<finalName>. 其中finalName是<artifactId>-<version>, 可以被配置覆盖.
在<build>标签中加入<finalName>标签, 即可覆盖该属性.

  <build>
    <finalName>springmvc101</finalName>
  </build>

mvn clean

用于删除上一次build过后产生的文件.

mvn archetype的简单使用

introduction-to-archetypes
archetype - usage
mkyong - How to create a Web Application Project with Maven
使用archetype可以快速创建指定类型的项目骨架.
以创建webapp骨架为例, 介绍使用mvn archetype的使用.
在希望存放项目的目录中运行:

mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=your_group_id -DartifactId=your_project_name -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-webapp -DinteractiveMode=false

如果希望进入交互模式创建项目, 那么直接mvn archetype:generate即可.
实例:

mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=me.xiaofu.d -DartifactId=amazingapp -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-webapp -DinteractiveMode=false

生成的项目骨架:

tree amazingapp/

amazingapp/
├── pom.xml
└── src
    └── main
        ├── resources
        └── webapp
            ├── index.jsp
            └── WEB-INF
                └── web.xml

最后编辑于：2017.12.11 11:03:59

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