/*
含义:
出现在其他语句中的select语句,称为子查询或内查询
外部的查询语句,称为主查询或外查询。
分类:按子查询出现的位置:
select后面:仅仅支持标量子查询
from后面:表子查询
※where或having后面:
标量子查询(单行)
列子查询(多行)
行子查询
exists后面(相关子查询):表子查询
按结果集的行列数不同:
标量子查询(结果集只有一行一列)
列子查询(一列多行)
行子查询(一行多列)
表子查询(一般为多行多列)
*/
一、where或having后面
/*
1、标量子查询(单行子查询)
2、列子查询(多行子查询)
3、列子查询(多列多行)
特点:
①子查询放在小括号内
②子查询一般放在条件的右侧
③标量子查询,一般搭配着单行操作符使用
< > >= <= <>
列子查询:一般搭配着多行操作符使用
in any/some all
*/
1、标量子查询
案例一:谁的工资比abel高?
①查询abel的工资
show databases;
use myemployees;
select salary from employees where last_name ='Abel';
②查询员工的信息,满足salary大于①中的结果
select * from employees where salary > (
select salary from employees where last_name ='Abel'
);
案例二:job_id与141号员工相同,salary比143号员工多的员工姓名,job_id和工资
①查询141号员工的job_id
select job_id from employees where employee_id = 141;
②查询143号员工的salary
select salary from employees where employee_id = 143;
③查询员工的姓名、job_id和工资(要求job_id与①相同,salary比②多)
select last_name,job_id,salary from employees where job_id = (
select job_id from employees where employee_id = 141
) and salary>(
select salary from employees where employee_id = 143
);
案例三:查询公司工资最少的员工的last_name,job_id和salary
①查询公司的最低工资
select min(salary) from employees;
②查询last_name,job_id和salary,要求salary=①
select last_name,job_id,salary from employees
where salary = (
select min(salary) from employees
);
案例四:查询最低工资大于 50号部门最低工资 的部门id和其最低工资
①查询50号部门的最低工资
select min(salary) from employees where department_id = 50;
②查询每个部门的最低工资
select min(salary),department_id from employees group by department_id;
③在②基础上筛选salary大于①的department_id和min(salary)
select min(salary),department_id from employees group by department_id
having min(salary) > (
select min(salary) from employees where department_id = 50
);
2.列子查询(多行子查询)
案例一:返回location_id是1400或1700的部门中的所有员工姓名
①查询location_id 是1400或1700的部门编号
select department_id from departments where location_id in(1400,1700);
②查询员工姓名,要求部门编号是①列表中的某一个(in关键字可以换成=any())
select last_name from employees where department_id in(
select department_id from departments where location_id in(1400,1700)
);
#或
select last_name from employees where department_id =any(
select department_id from departments where location_id in(1400,1700)
);
#若换成not in
select last_name from employees where department_id not in(
select department_id from departments where location_id in(1400,1700)
);
#或
select last_name from employees where department_id <>all(
select department_id from departments where location_id in(1400,1700)
);
案例二:返回其他工种中比 job_id为‘IT_PROG’工种任一工资 低 的
员工的员工号、姓名、job_id以及salary
#①查询job_id为‘IT_PROG’工种的所有工资
select salary from employees where job_id = 'IT_PROG';
#②查询比①中工资低的员工的员工号、姓名、job_id以及salary
select employee_id,last_name,job_id,salary from employees
where salary<any(
select salary from employees where job_id = 'IT_PROG'
) and job_id <> 'IT_PROG';
#或
select employee_id,last_name,job_id,salary from employees
where salary<(
select max(salary) from employees where job_id = 'IT_PROG'
) and job_id <> 'IT_PROG';
案例三:返回其他工种中比 job_id为‘IT_PROG’工种所有工资 低 的
员工的员工号、姓名、job_id以及salary
select employee_id,last_name,job_id,salary from employees
where salary<all(
select salary from employees where job_id = 'IT_PROG'
) and job_id <> 'IT_PROG';
#或
select employee_id,last_name,job_id,salary from employees
where salary<(
select min(salary) from employees where job_id = 'IT_PROG'
) and job_id <> 'IT_PROG';
行子查询(结果集一行多列或多行多列)
案例:查询员工编号最小并且工资最高的员工信息
#①查询最小的员工编号
select min(employee_id) from employees;
#②查询工资最大的工资
select max(salary) from employees;
#③查询对应的员工信息
select * from employees where employee_id = (
select min(employee_id) from employees
) and salary = (
select max(salary) from employees
);
#或
select * from employees where (employee_id,salary) = (
select min(employee_id),max(salary) from employees
);
二.select后面
/*
仅仅支持标量子查询
*/
案例1:查询每个员工的个数
select d.*,(
select count(*) from employees e where e.department_id = d.department_id
) 个数 from departments d;
案例2:查询员工号等于102的部门名
select department_name from departments d inner join employees e
on e.department_id = d.department_id where e.employee_id = 102;
#或
select (
select department_name from departments d inner join employees e
on e.department_id = d.department_id where e.employee_id = 102
) 部门名;
三:from后面
/*
将子查询结果充当一张表,要求必须起别名
*/
查询每个部门的平均工资的工资等级
#①每个部门的平均工资
select avg(salary),department_id from employees group by department_id;
select * from job_grades;
#②连接上面的结果集和job_grades表,筛选条件平均工资between lowest_sal and highest_sal
select ag_dep.*,g.grade_level
from (
select avg(salary) ag_sal,department_id from employees group by department_id
) ag_dep
inner join job_grades g
on ag_dep.ag_sal between lowest_sal and highest_sal;
四、exists后面(相关子查询)
/*
语法:exists(完整的查询语句)
结果:0或1
*/
select exists (select employee_id from employees where salary = 30000) 员工编号;
案例1:查询有员工的部门名
select department_name from departments d where exists(
select * from employees e where e.department_id = d.department_id
);
#in
select department_name from departments d where d.department_id in (
select department_id from employees
);
案例2:查询没女朋友的男神信息
#in
use girls;
select bo.* from boys bo where bo.id not in (
select boyfriend_id from beauty
);
select * from boys;
select * from beauty;
#exists
select bo.* from boys bo where not exists(
select boyfriend_id from beauty b
where b.boyfriend_id = bo.id
);