Pathway dependency
路径依赖
That is the insight behind LearnUp, a startup that works with applicants without college degrees for entry-level positions. Users applying for a job online can click on a link and take a one-hour online training session on how to be a cashier, sales clerk or whatever they are after. Employers pay LearnUp a fixed fee to improve the pool of candidates. Recruitment and retention rates have risen.
这就是 learnup 背后的内核，learnup 是一家为尚无大学学位的申请人提供基础培训的初创企业。用户可以在线点击链接来接受一小时的培训，帮助他们成为一名收银员、售货员或者其他的一些职业。雇主通过向 learnup 支付固定的费用来帮助增加受训人员的数量。受聘和保持岗位的比例也在提升。
Generation, a philanthropically funded programme run by the McKinsey Social Initiative, a not-for-profit arm of the consultancy, uses a boot camp approach and some typically McKinsey-esque thinking to train people from difficult backgrounds for middle-skilled positions in industries like retailing and health care. The programme starts by going into workplaces and identifying key events (how an IT help desk handles a call from an irate customer, for example) that distinguish high performers from the rest.
Generation 是一家由 McKinsey Social Initiative 建立的慈善基金，是非盈利的咨询机构，用训练营的方式并且采用一些 McKinsey-esque 的想法来帮助一些求职者应聘类似零售以及医疗保健方面的培训。这个项目通过走进岗位然后辨别关键性技能（比如一个 ＩＴ服务人员如何去处理一个愤怒的客户）来将高技能者挑选出来。
Curriculum designers then use that analysis to create a fulltime training programme lasting between four and 12 weeks that covers both technical knowledge and behavioural skills. The programme has gone live in America, Spain, India, Kenya and Mexico. By the end of 2016 it had 10,000 graduates, for whom it claims an employment rate of 90% and much higher retention rates than usual. The trainees pay nothing; the hope is that employers will fund the programme, or embed it in their own training programmes, when they see how useful it is.
课程设计者通过分析这些数据来创设一些持续四周到十二周的课程，包括技术性技能和行为技能。这个项目已经在美国、西班牙、印度、肯尼亚以及墨西哥展开。到 ２０１６ 年底已经有 １００００ 名毕业人员，这些人群的就业率达到了 ９０％ ，远高于平均水平。受训人员不需要支付任何费用，而期望于当雇主看到实际效果后来赞助这个项目或者把这个项目植入到他们自己的培训计划中。
