方法是与某些特定类型相关联的函数
实例方法为给定类型的实例封装了具体的任务与功能
类、结构体、枚举都可以定义实例方法,也都可以定义类型方法
在OC中,类是唯一能定义方法的类型
1 实例方法 (Instance Methods)
- 实例方法只能被它所属的类的某个特定实例调用
class Counter {
var count = 0
func increment() {
count += 1
}
func incrementBy(amount: Int) {
count += amount
}
func reset() {
count = 0
}
}
- 方法的局部参数名称和外部参数名称 (Local and External Parameter Names for Methods)
class Counter2 {
var count: Int = 0
func incrementBy(amount: Int, numberOfTimes: Int) {
count += amount * numberOfTimes
}
}
let counter = Counter2()
counter.incrementBy(amount: 5, numberOfTimes: 3)
- self 属性(The self Property):
self
完全等同于该实例本身。
消除方法参数 x 和实例属性 x 之间的歧义:
struct Point {
var x = 0.0, y = 0.0
func isToTheRightOfX(x: Double) -> Bool {
return self.x > x
}
}
- 在实例方法中修改值类型(Modifying Value Types from Within Instance Methods)
结构体和枚举的属性不能在它的实例方法中被修改(因为结构体和枚举是值类型),但可通过mutating
(可变方法)修改。
struct Point2 {
var x = 0.0, y = 0.0
mutating func moveByX(_ deltaX: Double, y deltaY: Double) {
x += deltaX
y += deltaY
}
}
var somePoint = Point2(x: 1.0, y: 1.0)
somePoint.moveByX(2.0, y: 3.0)
- 在可变方法中给 self 赋值(Assigning to self Within a Mutating Method)
struct Point3 {
var x = 0.0, y = 0.0
mutating func moveByX(_ deltaX: Double, y deltaY: Double) {
self = Point3(x: x + deltaX, y: y + deltaY)
}
}
enum TriStateSwitch {
case Off, Low, High
mutating func next() {
switch self {
case .Off:
self = .Low
case .Low:
self = .High
case .High:
self = .Off
}
}
}
2 类型方法 (Type Methods)
static
class
在类型方法的方法体(body)中,self
指向这个类型本身,而不是类型的某个实例。
struct LevelTracker {
static var highestUnlockedLevel = 1
static func unlockLevel(level: Int) {
if level > highestUnlockedLevel { highestUnlockedLevel = level }
}
static func levelIsUnlocked(level: Int) -> Bool {
return level <= highestUnlockedLevel
}
var currentLevel = 1
mutating func advanceToLevel(level: Int) -> Bool {
if LevelTracker.levelIsUnlocked(level: level) {
currentLevel = level
return true
} else {
return false
}
}
}
class Player {
var tracker = LevelTracker()
let playerName: String
func completedLevel(level: Int) {
LevelTracker.unlockLevel(level: level + 1)
tracker.advanceToLevel(level: level + 1)
}
init(name: String) {
playerName = name
}
}
playground文件在andyRon/LearnSwift