makings=the essential qualities needed for sth.
Joe has all the makings of becoming a good husband.
be cognizant of sth=be aware of sth
Many of Joe's classmates are cognizant of his affection for Mary.
mayhem=commotion=chaos骚乱，都不可数（commotion 也可作可数）
Even the stock market is impacted by the mayhem caused by an AI-generated picture.
hoax=deception骗局，可数
Many people are tricked by this financial hoax.
Check marks=ticks对号✅
Joe’s father can rarely find check marks on Joe’s exam papers.
jaguar美洲豹cougar美洲狮
Jaguars look similar to cougars.
Brim with sth充满某物
When he told her he’d made the decision to break up with her, Her eyes brimmed with tears.
keystone拱顶石,支柱
Kobe was the keystone of the Lakers franchise.
Be on deck to=be scheduled to
15 Jaguars have been reintroduced to this wilderness and another dozen is on deck to be released.
trade in A for B折价卖掉A来买B；high-powered=involving a great deal of responsibility
They traded in their high-powered lives in business for a cabin off the grid deep in a mountain.
Sprout=germinate（使）发芽，vi or vt
The roots of iFree English sprouted when Joe decided to focus on nothing but those to do with English.
注意pasture和ranch是牧场，grassland不是，grassland指草原，相较于pasture和ranch是环保的。
The authorities turned many ranches in their jurisdiction into grassland with ecological concerns.
barrel 在北美有高速行使的意思，vi
From the windshield I saw A cow barreling alongside the traffic.
bumfuzzled=confused or perplexed，in a state of bewilderment
Teachers were usually bumfuzzled by my unusual behavior in my class.
wrangler=cowboy牛仔
Though I am a wrangler I only order milk in bars.
lasso套索，可数（rein，缰绳，rein in控制）（注意reign，rein，rain三个词的读音是一样的）
Finally the wrangler reined in the rambling cow with a lasso.
Milk作vt还有榨取、极力利用的意思；for all it is worth=do sth as much as possible to get benefit from it
Before graduation, high school students would milk their intelligence and stamina for all it is worth in order to get permission to have university education.
Ground beef牛肉碎（这里面的ground是grind变的）
What do you call a cow with no legs？Ground beef.
