[经济学人]20190201-Venezuela:A chance, at last, for liberation

一句话点评:米国的绝户计,太坏了


2019.11.10

Venezuela: A chance, at last, for liberation

Venezuela’s failed revolution may itself be overthrown

America’s intervention could topple the government of Nicolás Maduro

标题:委内瑞拉:终于有了解放的机会

委内瑞拉失败的革命可能会被推翻

美国的干预可能会推翻尼古拉斯·马杜罗(Nicolás Maduro)的政权

Jan 31st 2019 | CARACAS AND NEW YORK

THE OP-13 BUILDING at the entrance to the Catia shantytown in Caracas is an ugly red and grey edifice, built a decade ago by a Russian company. With such housing projects Hugo Chávez, the founder of Venezuela’s “Bolivarian revolution”, established himself as the benefactor of the poor. The polyurethane cladding suits Moscow, not the tropics. The windows are too small to admit much breeze. But people who live in Catia are grateful to the government. “It’s completely chavista here,” says Ayax Armas, a cook who lives opposite.

加拉加斯(Caracas,委瑞内拉首都)卡蒂亚棚户区(Catia shantytown)入口处的OP-13大楼是一座丑陋的红灰相间的大厦,由一家俄罗斯公司在10年前建造。通过这些住房工程,委内瑞拉“玻利瓦尔革命”的创始人乌戈•查韦斯(Hugo Chávez,委瑞内拉前总统)将自己打造成了穷人的恩人。聚氨酯覆层适合莫斯科,不适合热带地区。窗户太小,风进不去。但是住在Catia的人们对政府心存感激。这里完全是查韦斯式的(chavista?不知道是什么语言,西班牙语?有点像西班牙语chovinista-沙文主义者),住在对面的厨师阿亚克斯·阿马斯(Ayax Armas)说。

重点词汇:

  • shantytown: n. 以临时搭盖的陋屋为主的地区
  • edifice:n. 大厦;大建筑物
  • benefactor: n. 恩人;捐助者;施主
  • cladding: n. 包层;电镀;喷镀
  • tropic: n. 回归线;热带;天球的回归线
    adj. 热带的;(天气)湿热的;向性的,亲……的
    the tropics 热带地区
  • breeze:微风

Loyalty is reinforced by fear. Catia is controlled by pro-government colectivos, which are at once local intelligence-services, neighbourhood-watch groups and criminal gangs. Protests against the left-wing regime were almost unheard of. But anger is simmering. The oil boom, which paid for Chávez’s largesse, ended soon after he died in 2013. Under Nicolás Maduro, who took over from him, the economy has slumped and food has become scarce. Annual inflation is 1.7m per cent, according to the opposition-controlled legislature. “Who wouldn’t want to change this situation?” asks Carlos, who scavenges for fruit and vegetables in the rubbish, cleans them and resells them. More than 80% of Venezuelans want Mr Maduro out, according to Datanalisis, a polling firm.

恐惧强化忠诚。Catia(地区)由亲政府的colectivos控制,colectivos同时是地方情报机构、邻里监督组织和犯罪团伙。反对左翼政权的抗议活动几乎闻所未闻。但愤怒正在酝酿之中。石油繁荣为查韦斯(前总统)的慷慨买了单,但在他2013年去世后不久就结束了。在尼古拉斯·马杜罗(Nicolas Maduro)的领导下,委内瑞拉经济下滑,食品短缺。根据反对党控制的立法机构(的数据),年通货膨胀率为170万%(这个完全不知道怎么翻译,不知道通货膨胀率是不是那个范围,查的2018年数据是652.67% )。“谁不想改变这种情况呢?”卡洛斯说到,他是一个拾荒者在垃圾中寻找水果和蔬菜,清洗后再转卖。根据民调公司Datanalisis的数据,超过80%的委内瑞拉人希望马杜罗下台。

重点词汇:

  • pro-government : 亲政府的

  • regime : n. 政权,政体;社会制度;管理体制

  • simmer :n. 炖;即将沸腾的状态

    v. 炖,煨;(水或食物)慢慢沸腾;内心充满(愤怒),酝酿;即将爆发

  • largesse : n. 慷慨的赠与;慷慨赠与物(等于largess)

  • slump :v. (价格、数量等)骤降;重重地坐下(或倒下);惨败;(肩或脑袋)耷拉着

    n. (价格、数量等的)猛然严重下降;经济不景气时期;低潮期

  • scarce :adj. 缺乏的,不足的;稀有的;adv. 仅仅;几乎不;几乎没有

  • legislature : n. 立法机关;立法机构

  • scavenge :vt. 打扫;排除废气;以…为食;vi. 清除污物;打扫

随便说两句:

前总统确实享受了高油价带来的福利,不管是发展短视也好,还是高压统治也罢,总之不需要英美这些嘤嘤怪在这里说三道四,要不是委瑞内拉有矿还是自家后花园,他们有这么上心吗?搞定委瑞内拉就是为了搞石油,控制了石油就稳固了美元的金融地位,天下没有免费的午餐,虽然不了解真正委瑞内拉的情况,但从宏观战略上看,这个所谓的临时总统不是个傀儡就是个搅屎棍,即使他得到了政权,底层老百姓也不会好过,为了自己的权力把国家资产卖给西方这不是窃国是什么?国家一定要自己硬起来,不然真的是风雨飘摇啊!对比委瑞内拉,我感觉我们好幸福啊。

Just before midnight on January 22nd Catia erupted. Residents of OP13 streamed out, set fire to rubbish that had been piling up for weeks and banged pots and pans. “This government is about to fall,” they chanted. After two decades of socialist rule that descended into ever-greater repression and economic mismanagement, they may just be right.

就在1月22日午夜之前,Catia街区爆发了。OP13的居民涌了出来,把堆积了几个星期的垃圾付之一炬,还敲打着锅碗瓢盆。 “这个政府就要垮台了,”他们高呼。 在经历了20年的社会主义统治之后,这种统治逐渐演变为更大的压迫和经济管理不善,他们(居民)可能是正确的。

重点词汇:

  • pot : n. 壶;盆;罐
  • pan : n. 平底锅;盘状的器皿;淘盘子,金盘,秤盘
  • be about to :将要

随便说两句:

为什么看到OP13我就想到了海贼王,捂脸。所以说张养浩牛逼嘛,一句“亡百姓苦,亡百姓苦”述说了太多,老百姓确实惨,不过有时候却为自身的苦难浇上一壶油,没有约束的情况下,人性邪恶就会显露出来,打砸抢烧才不是革命,西方有时候真的是双标,这种事情放到米国,cop早就拔枪了,不过大趋势下原本善良的民众也会被感染裹挟,所以《乌合之众》真的是一本神书。

当然,我说这么多也是站在说话不嫌腰疼,唯一庆幸的是自己成长在一个和平强大的国家中。

Since Catia’s rebellion events have moved at a dizzying pace. On January 23rd Juan Guaidó, a young, little-known politician who had been head of Venezuela’s legislature for just 18 days, proclaimed himself the country’s acting president before a cheering crowd in Caracas. He declared the presidency vacant on the grounds that Mr Maduro’s re-election last May was a fraud. In those circumstances, the constitution gives the presidency to the head of the legislature until fresh elections can be held.

自从Catia出现叛乱事件后,整个事态以令人眩晕的速度演化着。1月23日,在加拉加斯一群欢呼的群众面前,一位年轻的、名不见传的政治家胡安•瓜伊多宣布自己为委内瑞拉代总统,而他担任委内瑞拉立法机关的负责人仅18天。他宣布总统职位空缺,理由是马杜罗去年5月的连任是一场骗局。在这种情况下,宪法规定,在举行新的选举之前,总统由立法机关的负责人担任。

重点词汇:

  • vacant : adj. 空虚的;空的;空缺的;空闲的;茫然的
  • on the grounds that ... : conj. 由于(根据)
  • presidency : n. 总统(或董事长、会长、大学校长等)的职位(任期);管辖;支配

随便说两句:

1月22号发生暴乱,1月23号就搞这么一出,我真的很怀疑,历史上的惯用手法。

Along with more than 1m protesters across Venezuela that day, the United States, Canada and almost all large Latin American countries recognised Mr Guaidó. Britain, France, Germany and Spain said they would follow if Mr Maduro doesn’t call a free election within days.

那天,委内瑞拉各地有100多万抗议者,美国、加拿大和几乎所有拉美大国都承认了瓜伊多(为代总统)。英国、法国、德国和西班牙表示,如果马杜罗不在几天内宣布举行自由选举,他们将跟随这些国家(承认瓜伊多)。

随便说两句:

效率真高啊,呵呵。

President Donald Trump has moved to make Mr Guaidó’s claim a reality. On January 28th America imposed its toughest sanctions yet on Venezuela’s regime. It froze the American accounts and assets of PDVSA, the national oil monopoly, and said that it will divert the proceeds of further sales into an account that will be accessible only after PDVSA comes under the control of Mr Guaidó or an elected government. This cuts off the regime from its main source of cash. Already it has defaulted on most of its debt and is short of money to buy the loyalty of the armed forces, maintain oil production and import enough to feed 32m Venezuelans. The new sanctions will make all that even harder.

川普已经采取行动让瓜伊多的声明成为现实。1月28日,美国对委内瑞拉政权实施了迄今为止最严厉的制裁。它冻结了委内瑞拉国家石油垄断企业(PDVSA)在美国的账户和资产,并表示将接着把销售收入转入一个账户,PDVSA只有在在瓜伊多政府或民选政府的控制下才能进入该账户。这切断了该政权的主要现金来源。委内瑞拉已经拖欠了大部分债务,而且缺乏资金来收买军队的忠诚,维持石油生产,并进口足够的粮食来养活3200万委内瑞拉人。这个新的制裁将使这一切变得更加困难。

重点词汇:

  • monopoly : n. 垄断;垄断者;专卖权

  • proceed :vi. 开始;继续进行;发生;行进; n. 收入,获利

  • default :n. 违约,拖欠;系统默认值;常规做法;缺席

    v. 不履行,拖欠,违约;默认,预设;(计算机等)自动转到(默认值);因未到场而取消……参赛资格;(未)不到场;不参加(比赛等);对……处以缺席裁判

随便说两句:

这说明提出一个替代美元进行全球贸易交易的货币是多么迫切和重要的一件事!老美真的是...不要脸,这招釜底抽薪真的可怕。

Venezuela thus finds itself part of a trial of strength. A peaceful transition to a democratic, economically literate government could restore normality to what was once one of the region’s richest countries (see article). Equally, the Trump-Guaidó gambit might lead to conflict between armed groups or simply fail, leaving the regime more dominant than ever. In that case, millions more Venezuelans would join the 3m who have already fled, mostly to neighbouring countries such as Colombia. American prestige, wagered on ousting Mr Maduro, would suffer, too.

因此,委内瑞拉发现自己是力量考验的一部分。和平过渡到一个民主的、有经济头脑的政府可以使这个曾经是该地区最富裕国家之一的国家恢复正常。同样,特朗普和瓜伊多之间的策略可能会导致武装组织之间的冲突,或者干脆失败,让政权比以往任何时候都更具统治力。在这种情况下,数百万委内瑞拉人将加入已经逃离的300万委内瑞拉人的行列,其中大部分逃到了哥伦比亚等邻国。押注于驱逐马杜罗的美国声望也会受损。

重点词汇:

  • literate :n. 学者;adj. 受过教育的;精通文学的
  • normality : n. 常态;[化学] 当量浓度;[化学] 规定浓度
  • Equally: adv. 同样地;相等地,平等地;公平地
  • gambit : n. 话题;开始;以取得优势的开局棋法;开场白
  • flee :vt. 逃跑,逃走;逃避;vi. 逃走;消失,消散
  • prestige :n. 威望,声望;声誉;adj. 令人敬仰的;受尊重的;贵重的
  • wager :n. 赌注;赌博;赌物;vi. 打赌;vt. 下赌注
  • oust : vt. 驱逐;剥夺;取代

随便说两句:

所以写这文章的人已经私下把这个瓜伊多将组建政府看做是一个民主的,有经济头脑的政府了。讲道理,我觉得这个瓜已经可以算是大逆不道了,对内算是反叛分裂国家,对外算是西方傀儡的“委奸”,在不管在哪个国家那个朝代都是要杀头的啊。不过成王败寇+舆论造势,历史谁有能说清楚呢?无非是屁股坐在哪个位置上而已。

Mr Maduro has resisted growing opposition since 2013, when poverty began to rise (see chart). As Venezuelans turned against him, his power came to depend on a patronage network of enchufados, or “plugged-in people”, especially in the security forces. He has appointed over 2,000 officers to the rank of general or equivalent. The army runs companies in as many as 20 industries, including an insurer, a rubber manufacturer and a television channel, according to Crónica Uno, a newspaper.

自2013年贫困人口开始增加以来,马杜罗一直抵制日益增长的反对势力(见图表)。当委内瑞拉人转而反对他时,他的权力开始依赖于一个由enchufados(即“plugged-in people” 不知道怎么翻译,意思应该很容易理解)组成的赞助网络(这个不知道怎么翻译),尤其是在安全部队。他任命了2000多名将军或同等军衔的军官。据Cronica Uno报纸报道,军队经营着多达20个行业的公司,包括一家保险公司、一家橡胶制造商和一个电视频道。

重点词汇:

  • patronage :n. 赞助;光顾;任免权

随便说两句:

不知道怎么说,苍蝇不叮无缝蛋,委瑞内拉自身也有问题,又有那么多资源,匹夫无罪怀璧其罪,没有强大的力量保护自己,就会被别国蹂躏,虽然人类社会已经这么文明了,可惜国家与国家之间还是丛林法则。

IMG20191108093900.png

The armed forces collar scarce dollars at an artificially cheap rate and sell them to dollar-starved companies at a much dearer one. The national guard smuggles petrol, weapons, food, gold and diamonds, according to Margarita López Maya of Universidad Central de Venezuela, citing investigations by American authorities. After Mr Guaidó’s proclamation, all of the country’s top brass pledged support to Mr Maduro.

军方以人为压低的汇率把稀缺的美元套牢,然后以高得多的价格卖给急需美元的企业。委内瑞拉中央大学的玛格丽塔·洛佩斯·玛雅(Margarita Lopez Maya)称(援引美国当局的调查),国民警卫队走私汽油、武器、食品、黄金和钻石。瓜伊多发表声明后,委内瑞拉所有高级官员都承诺支持马杜罗。

重点词汇:

  • collar :n. 衣领;颈圈;vt. 抓住;给…上领子;给…套上颈圈
  • starved : adj. 饥饿的;饥肠辘辘的
  • smuggle :vt. 走私;偷运;vi. 走私,私运;偷带
  • petrol : n. (英)汽油
  • top brass : 高级军官;要员;顶部轴衬;( n. 黄铜;黄铜制品;铜管乐器;厚脸皮 )
  • pledge :n. 保证,誓言;抵押;抵押品,典当物;vt. 保证,许诺;用……抵押;举杯祝……健康

随便说两句:

就如苏联解体一样,许多高官摇身一变成为大资本家和经济寡头,国有资产被涌入的西方资本家瓜分,最惨的还是那些老百姓,可怜啊。

They have stomped on dissent. At the protests in Catia the colectivos were first on the scene, followed by the dreaded FAES, an elite police force (“colectivos with a licence”, Mr Armas calls them). “We are not going to let anyone fuck with us,” said one colectivo leader in Catia after the fracas. Repression took place across the country on the next day. Some 700 people were detained, a record number for one day, according to Foro Penal, a human-rights group. Thirty-five people were killed.

他们践踏持不同政见者。在Catia的抗议活动中,colectivo首先出现,接着是令人畏惧的FAES,这是一个精英警察部队(Armas先生称之为“有执照的colectivo”)。 “我们不会让任何人愚弄我们,”争吵过后,Catia的一位colectivo领导人说。 第二天,全国各地都发生了镇压行动。据人权组织Foro criminal称,约有700人被拘留,创下单日拘留人数的纪录。35人死亡。

重点词汇:

  • stomp :n. 跺脚,重踩;顿足爵士舞;vt. 跺脚,重踩;践踏
  • dissent :n. (意见的)不一致;不服从裁判;异议声明;v. 不同意;对国教(或东正教教义)不遵循
  • followed by :vt. 然后,随后;续集
  • fracas : n. 吵闹;喧噪
  • detain : vt. 拘留;留住;耽搁

随便说两句:

怎么说呢?如果做出了选择,就得付出代价,盲目的从众只会被有心之人利用,可怜之人必有可恨之处。但是我又有什么资格说这些呢?稳定是一切的保障,乱了最终还是百姓遭殃。

But the oppressors are also unhappy. Despite the money to be made from corruption, the crisis affects the armed forces as it does the rest of society, says Rocío San Miguel, a Caracas-based military analyst. The salary of a major in the national guard is 36,000 bolívares a month, worth less than $15. “That is not enough for two days’ worth of food for a family of four,” says Ms San Miguel.

但压迫者也不快乐。一位驻加拉加斯的军事分析家Rocio San Miguel说,尽管从腐败中可以赚到钱,但这场危机对武装部队的影响和对整个社会的影响一样大。国民警卫队一名少校的月薪为36,000玻利瓦尔,不到15美元。San Miguel女士表示,这还不够一个四口之家两天的食物。

重点词汇:

  • major : 这里是陆军少校
  • oppressor : n. 压制者,压迫者
  • corruption : n. 贪污,腐败;堕落

随便说两句:

我们去委瑞内拉是不是都是百万富翁...

Growing disgruntlement in the security forces increases the importance of the several hundred Cuban counter-intelligence agents (supplied in return for cheap oil) who also prop up Mr Maduro’s rule. They tap Venezuelan phones to monitor dissent as well as looking after the president’s personal security, says a western intelligence source. He adds that Mr Maduro gets an intelligence briefing every morning from two Cuban officers. The most intense snooping is on the police and armed forces—anyone with a gun, says Ms San Miguel.

安全部队中日益增长的不满情绪增加了数百名古巴反情报人员(换取廉价石油)的重要性,他们也支持马杜罗的统治。一名西方情报人士称,他们(古巴反情报人员)监听委内瑞拉的电话,监控不同政见,并负责总统的个人安全。他补充说,马杜罗每天早上都会听取两名古巴官员的情报简报。San Miguel女士说,最严密的监视是警察和武装部队——任何有枪的人。

重点词汇:

  • disgruntlement : 不满
  • prop up :支持,支撑
  • tap : 这里指“窃听”和“监听”
  • snoop :v. 窥探,调查,打探;n. 窥探者,私家侦探;窥探

随便说两句:

爆出棱镜门的米国和西方好意思说人家,母猪别嫌乌鸦黑,谁能比谁干净?

The regime has disrupted several coup attempts. Around 100 senior officers are in prison, including several who were close to Chávez and who served Mr Maduro as ministers. Troop commanders have been shuffled frequently to prevent them from building close relations with their soldiers, according to Caracas Chronicles Political Risk Report, a newsletter.

该管理体制已挫败了几次政变企图。大约100名高级官员被关在监狱里,其中包括几名与查韦斯(前总统)关系密切、曾担任马杜罗部长的官员。根据《加拉加斯编年史政治风险报告》(Caracas Chronicles Political Risk Report,一个时事通讯)的报道,部队指挥官经常被调动,以防止他们与士兵建立亲密关系。

重点词汇:

  • coup :n. 政变;妙计;出乎意料的行动;砰然的一击;vt. 使…颠倒;使…倾斜;vi. 推倒;倾斜;溢出
  • shuffle :n. 洗牌;拖着脚走,曳行;曳步舞,曳步动作;改组;慢切分节奏;随机播放装置;v. 拖着脚走;把脚动来动去;坐立不安;洗牌;把……变换位置;调动;搪塞
  • newsletter : n. 时事通讯

随便说两句:

根据这个材料来看,马杜罗的统治确实风雨飘摇啊,任用外国反情报人员管理监视本国的,这个真的是无法想象(当然只是根据这篇报道,虽然我只是看个热闹,不过也要带着脑子看,不能别人说风就是雨)

Even before the latest sanctions, the regime was running out of money to keep the generals happy. Production by PDVSA, which has been mismanaged for years, was expected to fall to less than 1m barrels a day in 2019, its lowest level since the 1940s. If sold at world prices, that should bring in about $20bn for the year, except that 45% of the oil goes directly to China and Russia to repay debt, according to Siobhan Morden of Nomura, an investment bank. Cash from oil sales goes mainly to pay other claimants and to pay Venezuela’s import bill. Less than $250m would be left to spend on patronage. That is less than the wage bill for Manchester City’s footballers. Venezuela would have to dip further into its dwindling foreign-exchange reserves.

甚至在最新的制裁之前,该政权就已经没有钱让将军们高兴了。多年来管理不善的PDVSA,预计到2019年的日产量将降至不足100万桶,为上世纪40年代以来的最低水平。根据野村证券(一家投资银行)的Siobhan Morden的说法,如果以世界价格出售,除了45%的石油直接流入中国和俄罗斯偿还债务外,这一年应该能带来200亿美元的收入。来自石油销售的现金主要用来支付其他索赔人和委内瑞拉的进口账单。剩下的不到2.5亿美元将用于赞助(这个应该是前文提到的那个组织)。这比曼城球员的工资还少。委内瑞拉将不得不进一步动用其不断减少的外汇储备。

重点词汇:

  • claimant : n. 原告;[贸易] 索赔人;提出要求者
  • wage :工资
  • dip :v. 浸,蘸;(使)下降,下沉,减少;(把手、工具)伸入(袋子、容器);扒窃;动用(资金);浏览(书籍);(给牲畜)洗药浴;制作(蜡烛);给某人施洗礼;(道路、地面)向下倾斜;放下,下移;(把汽车前灯)调为近光
    n. 浸,蘸;短暂的水浴或游泳;(暂时的)减少,下降;调味酱,蘸酱;凹陷处,低洼处;浏览,翻阅;药浴液;舀取的量;(上坡前的)短暂下坡,(上升前的)短暂下落;倾角,视倾斜;扒手
  • dwindle :vi. 减少;变小; vt. 使缩小,使减少

随便说两句:

这个嘲讽有点惨啊,这在赤裸裸的说资本主义国家有多牛逼。

With the new sanctions, money will be even tighter. They freeze PDVSA’s 7bn of assets in America, which include three oil refineries, and will reduce revenue from oil exports by more than11bn, says the Trump administration. PDVSA might find other buyers, perhaps in Asia, but is likely to earn less because transport costs will be higher. Almost as painful is the ban on the sale of diluents to PDVSA, without which its thick oil will not flow through pipes.

随着新的制裁,资金将更加紧张。特朗普政府表示,他们冻结了PDVSA在美国价值70亿美元的资产,其中包括3家炼油厂,并将减少超过110亿美元的石油出口收入。PDVSA可能会找到其他买家,或许是在亚洲,但由于运输成本将会更高,收入可能会更少。几乎同样痛苦的是禁止向PDVSA出售稀释剂,否则其稠油(thick oil)将无法通过管道。

重点词汇:

  • refinery : n. 精炼厂;提炼厂;冶炼厂
  • ban :n. 禁止,禁令,禁忌;剥夺公民权的判决;诅咒;巴尼(罗马尼亚货币单位);v. 禁止,取缔;(官方)把(某人)逐出某地

随便说两句:

所以绕开美元进行贸易结算是多么势在必行的事情啊。

These measures will accelerate Venezuela’s economic collapse. GDP will shrink by 26% this year, bringing the total decline since Mr Maduro took office to 60%, estimates Francisco Rodríguez of Torino Capital, an investment bank. Bond prices suggest that the markets put the odds of Mr Maduro’s ousting at 50-90%.

这些措施将加速委内瑞拉的经济崩溃。投资银行Torino Capital的弗朗西斯科•罗德里格斯(Francisco Rodriguez)估计,今年国内生产总值(GDP)将缩水26%,自马杜罗上台以来的总降幅将达到60%。债券价格显示,市场认为马杜罗下台的几率为50%至90%。

随便说两句:

所以说,你要人家下台,就是先搞垮人家的经济?当然西方的理论是不这样做,他就赖着不走,那么反问一句,这么做是置千千万万委内瑞拉人民的利益于何地?这就是西方倡导的民主自由?一群吃着人血馒头的坏胚!

Mr Guaidó and Mr Trump are betting that hardship will topple the regime before it starves the Venezuelan people. The opposition is striving to persuade the armed forces to switch allegiance. The national assembly passed a law offering amnesty for those who help “build democracy”. Volunteers distributed pamphlets laying out the terms at army bases (some soldiers burned them). To members of the regime too discredited to be part of any democratic government, including Mr Maduro, the opposition is offering passage to a comfortable retirement, perhaps in Cuba.

瓜伊多和特朗普赌的是,在委内瑞拉人民挨饿之前,这些困难将推翻现政权。反对派正努力说服武装部队改换阵营。国民议会通过了一项法律,可以赦免那些帮助建立“民主”的人。志愿者们在各军事基地散发小册子,列出这些条款(一些士兵将其烧毁)。对于马杜罗在内的现政权成员来说,他们不值得信任,无法成为任何民主政府的成员,而反对派则向他们提供了一条通往舒适退休生活的道路,也许是在古巴。

重点词汇:

  • topple :vt. 推翻;颠覆;使倒塌;vi. 倾倒;倒塌;摇摇欲坠

  • allegiance : n. 效忠,忠诚;忠贞

  • amnesty :n. 大赦,特赦;vt. 对…实行大赦

  • discredited :adj. 不足信的;不名誉的;
    v. 败坏(或破坏)…的名声;破坏对…的信任(discredit的过去分词)

随便说两句:

好计谋,好手段。历史上这种事发生的太多了,瓜伊多出卖人民,特朗普落井下石,两个狼狈为奸,“猫吃老鼠,盘软了再吃”,马杜罗他们如果信了他们的口头承诺,就等着以后生不如死吧,虽然历史上胜者为王,可以不择手段,但是作为一个人来讲,我太反感瓜伊多这种人了。

He is not ready to be pensioned off. He has called for support from China and Russia. On January 26th their UN ambassadors rebuked America for interfering. Both countries have big financial stakes in Venezuela. China, which has extended a total of $60bn in loans over the past 20 years, is its biggest creditor. And Russia has lent $17bn to oil projects and to finance arms sales.

他(马杜罗)还没有准备好退休。他已经请求中国和俄罗斯的支持。1月26日,他们的联合国大使谴责美国的干涉。这两个国家在委内瑞拉都有巨大的经济利益。中国是其最大的债权人。过去20年,中国总共发放了600亿美元贷款。此外,俄罗斯还向石油项目和军售提供了170亿美元贷款。

重点词汇:

  • stake :n. 桩,棍子;赌注;火刑;奖金;vt. 资助,支持;系…于桩上;把…押下打赌;vi. 打赌
    这里指的是“利益”
  • pension :n. 退休金,抚恤金;津贴;膳宿费;vt. 发给养老金或抚恤金

China, which takes a hard-headed view of Venezuela, has promised little new money. It is to Russia’s authoritarian leader, Vladimir Putin, that Mr Maduro has turned. Mr Putin sees Venezuela as a stage for his confrontation with America. Sergei Lavrov, Russia’s foreign minister, said his government will do all it can to support the Venezuelan president. Unconfirmed reports say that 400 men from Wagner, a military company owned by an associate of Mr Putin, flew to Venezuela, perhaps to protect Mr Maduro from his own officers.

对委内瑞拉采取冷静态度的中国几乎没有承诺提供新的资金。马杜罗转向的是俄罗斯的威权领导人弗拉基米尔•普京(Vladimir Putin)。普京将委内瑞拉视为他与美国对抗的舞台。俄罗斯外长谢尔盖•拉夫罗夫(Sergei Lavrov)表示,俄罗斯政府将尽其所能支持委内瑞拉总统。未经证实的报道称,普京的一名助手拥有的一家名为Wagner的军事公司的400人已飞往委内瑞拉,可能是为了保护马杜罗不受自己军官的伤害。

重点词汇:

  • hard-headed : adj. 头脑冷静的

随便说两句:

普京大帝还是暴脾气,不过也侧面反映出中国的强大,我是这么理解的,因为就像打架一样吼嗓门的不一定厉害,最吊的是那些人狠话不多的,哈哈哈。只要不侵犯我国利益,爱咋咋,我们也乐得韬光养晦,智慧啊。

It is hard to see Russia committing troops or much treasure to keeping Mr Maduro in power. But Mr Putin would profit from other outcomes, too. Violence would demonstrate the risk of allowing a mob to subvert an established leader. An American military intervention could be cited as evidence that America shares Mr Putin’s belief in great powers’ spheres of influence.

很难看到俄罗斯派出军队或投入大量财力来维持马杜罗的权力。但普京也会从其他结果中获益。暴力会显示出允许暴民颠覆既定领导人的风险。美国的军事干预可以作为证据,证明美国与普京一样相信大国势力范围。

重点词汇:

  • subvert : vt. 颠覆;推翻;破坏
  • commit :vt. 犯罪,做错事;把...交托给;指派…作战;使…承担义务;
    commit troops,派遣军队(作战)[没想到commit还有这种用法]

随便说两句:

弱国无外交啊,都是大国博弈的棋子,还好我们强大了。

Without Chinese or Russian cash, Mr Maduro will have to rule on emergency rations. That can work for a while. As people become poorer, the cost of patronage falls. Voters who once expected a flat now accept a box of food. But the forces working to topple Mr Maduro are getting stronger while those holding him up are weakening. For Venezuela’s sake and his own, he should take early retirement.

没有中国或俄罗斯的资金,马杜罗将不得不实行紧急定量配给。这可能会持续一段时间。随着人们变得更穷,赞助的成本下降了(这一句真的不知道如何解释)。曾经期待一套房子的选民现在更愿意接受一盒食物。但是试图推翻马杜罗的力量越来越强大,而支持他的力量正在减弱。为了委内瑞拉和他自己,他应该提前退休。

重点词汇:

  • ration :v. 配给;定量供应;限定……的量;n. 定量;口粮;配给量;正常量;一定数量;应得份额

随便说两句:

就一句话,美国太坏了,都是他造的孽!

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