这是一个非常棒的问题!动词变成名词后,含义通常会发生“抽象化”或“结果化”——也就是说,它不再表示“动作本身”,而是表示:
- 这个动作的“结果”
- 这个动作的“过程”
- 从事这个动作的“人”
- 与这个动作相关的“事物”或“概念”
下面用清晰分类 + 例子 + 中文解释,帮你彻底搞懂!
✅ 一、动词 → 名词:常见含义变化类型
类型1️⃣:动作的结果(Result of the action)
动词表示“做某事”,名词表示“做完后得到的东西”。
| 动词 | 名词 | 含义变化 |
|---|---|---|
| build(建造) | building(建筑物) | “建造”这个动作 → 建出来的“楼” |
| paint(画画) | painting(一幅画) | “画画” → 画出来的“作品” |
| write(写) | writing(文字;作品) | “写” → 写出来的东西 |
| grow(种植) | growth(生长;增长) | “长” → 长出来的“量”或“状态” |
📌 例句:
- He paints every day.(他每天画画。→ 动作)
- This painting is beautiful.(这幅画很美。→ 结果)
类型2️⃣:动作的过程或行为本身(The action as a concept)
把“动作”当成一个抽象概念来看待。
| 动词 | 名词 | 含义变化 |
|---|---|---|
| swim(游泳) | a swim(一次游泳) | “游泳”这个活动 |
| walk(走路) | a walk(一次散步) | “散步”这件事 |
| talk(谈话) | a talk(一次讲话) | “讲话”这个事件 |
| read(阅读) | a good read(一本好书) | “读”这件事带来的体验 |
📌 例句:
- Let’s go for a swim.(我们去游个泳吧。)
- We had a long talk.(我们谈了很久。)
💡 这类名词常与 a / the 连用,表示“一次……”或“某种……”
类型3️⃣:从事该动作的人(Person who does the action)
加后缀如 -er, -or, -ist 等,变成“……的人”。
| 动词 | 名词 | 含义 |
|---|---|---|
| teach(教) | teacher(老师) | 教书的人 |
| sing(唱歌) | singer(歌手) | 唱歌的人 |
| act(表演) | actor(演员) | 表演的人 |
| type(打字) | typist(打字员) | 打字的人 |
📌 例句:
- She sings in a band.(她在乐队唱歌。)
- She is a famous singer.(她是一位著名歌手。)
类型4️⃣:动作的抽象概念(Abstract idea)
用 -tion, -sion, -ment, -ance/-ence 等后缀,变成抽象名词。
| 动词 | 名词 | 含义变化 |
|---|---|---|
| decide(决定) | decision(决定) | “做决定” → “决定”这个概念 |
| discuss(讨论) | discussion(讨论) | 讨论这件事(作为话题) |
| develop(发展) | development(发展) | 发展的状态或过程 |
| perform(表演) | performance(表演;表现) | 表演的行为或效果 |
📌 例句:
- They discussed the plan.(他们讨论了计划。→ 动作)
- The discussion lasted two hours.(讨论持续了两小时。→ 事件/概念)
✅ 二、同一个动词,可能有多种名词形式!
以 “run” 为例:
| 名词形式 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| a run | 一次跑步 | I went for a run this morning. |
| runner | 跑步的人;赛跑者 | She is a fast runner. |
| running | 跑步(运动) | Running is good exercise. |
| run(本身也可作名词) | 连续;一段 | He had a run of bad luck.(他接连倒霉。) |
✅ 三、特别注意:有些动词和名词拼写相同,但词性不同
| 单词 | 作动词 | 作名词 |
|---|---|---|
| play | 玩,演奏 | 一场戏剧(a play) |
| watch | 观看 | 手表(a watch) |
| drink | 喝 | 饮料(a drink) |
| work | 工作 | 工作(不可数);作品(a work) |
📌 例句对比:
- I watch TV.(我看电视。→ 动词)
- My watch is broken.(我的手表坏了。→ 名词)
✅ 四、总结:动词变名词,含义怎么变?
| 变化方向 | 关键词 | 常见后缀/形式 |
|---|---|---|
| 结果 | “做出的东西” | -ing(building, painting) |
| 过程/事件 | “一次……” | a + 动词(a walk, a swim) |
| 人 | “……的人” | -er, -or, -ist(teacher, actor) |
| 抽象概念 | “……这件事/状态” | -tion, -ment, -ance(decision, development) |
当然可以!以下是 完整升级版的100个高频“动词 → 名词”对照表,每行包含:
✅ 动词(Verb)
✅ 动词中文含义 + 动词例句(英文 + 中文)
✅ 名词(Noun)
✅ 名词中文含义 + 名词例句(英文 + 中文)
所有内容按逻辑分组,语言简洁、地道,适合初中至大学英语学习者系统掌握 动词与名词的语义转换关系。
📘 100个“动词 → 名词”对照表(含动词/名词双例句)
| # | 动词 | 动词含义 | 动词例句(英) | 动词例句(中) | 名词 | 名词含义 | 名词例句(英) | 名词例句(中) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | act | 行动;表演 | He acted quickly in the emergency. | 他在紧急情况下迅速行动。 | action | 行动;行为 | Immediate action is needed. | 需要立即采取行动。 |
| 2 | act | 表演 | She acts in movies. | 她出演电影。 | actor | 演员(男) | Tom Hanks is a great actor. | 汤姆·汉克斯是一位伟大的演员。 |
| 3 | advise | 建议 | The doctor advised him to rest. | 医生建议他休息。 | advice | 建议(不可数) | Follow your teacher’s advice. | 听从老师的建议。 |
| 4 | agree | 同意 | I agree with you. | 我同意你的看法。 | agreement | 协议;一致 | They signed a peace agreement. | 他们签署了一项和平协议。 |
| 5 | appear | 出现 | The sun appeared from behind the clouds. | 太阳从云后出现。 | appearance | 出现;外貌 | His sudden appearance surprised us. | 他的突然出现让我们惊讶。 |
| 6 | apply | 申请;应用 | She applied for a visa. | 她申请了签证。 | application | 申请;应用程序 | Fill out this job application. | 填写这份工作申请表。 |
| 7 | argue | 争论 | They argued about politics. | 他们争论政治问题。 | argument | 争论 | We had a heated argument. | 我们激烈地争论了一番。 |
| 8 | arrive | 到达 | The guests arrived at 8 p.m. | 客人们晚上8点到达。 | arrival | 到达 | The arrival time is 10 a.m. | 到达时间是上午10点。 |
| 9 | assist | 帮助 | Can you assist me with this box? | 你能帮我搬这个箱子吗? | assistance | 帮助(不可数) | Thank you for your assistance. | 谢谢你的帮助。 |
| 10 | assist | 协助 | He assists the manager daily. | 他每天协助经理。 | assistant | 助手 | My assistant booked the flight. | 我的助手订了机票。 |
| 11 | believe | 相信 | I believe he is honest. | 我相信他是诚实的。 | belief | 信念;信仰 | Freedom of belief is protected. | 信仰自由受保护。 |
| 12 | build | 建造 | They built a house last year. | 他们去年建了一栋房子。 | building | 建筑物 | This building has 20 floors. | 这栋楼有20层。 |
| 13 | choose | 选择 | You can choose any color. | 你可以选择任何颜色。 | choice | 选择 | It was a difficult choice. | 这是个艰难的选择。 |
| 14 | collect | 收集 | He collects old coins. | 他收集古币。 | collection | 收藏品 | Her stamp collection is valuable. | 她的邮票收藏很有价值。 |
| 15 | communicate | 沟通 | We communicate by email. | 我们通过邮件沟通。 | communication | 沟通 | Good communication avoids conflict. | 良好的沟通避免冲突。 |
| 16 | compete | 竞争 | Athletes compete for medals. | 运动员为奖牌而竞争。 | competition | 比赛;竞争 | The job competition is fierce. | 工作竞争很激烈。 |
| 17 | complain | 抱怨 | She complained about the noise. | 她抱怨噪音太大。 | complaint | 投诉 | He filed a formal complaint. | 他提交了一份正式投诉。 |
| 18 | conclude | 得出结论 | The report concludes that smoking is harmful. | 报告得出结论:吸烟有害。 | conclusion | 结论 | What’s your final conclusion? | 你的最终结论是什么? |
| 19 | confuse | 使困惑 | The instructions confused me. | 这些说明让我困惑。 | confusion | 困惑 | There was some confusion over the date. | 关于日期有些混乱。 |
| 20 | decide | 决定 | We decided to leave early. | 我们决定早点离开。 | decision | 决定 | Making a quick decision is hard. | 快速做决定很难。 |
| 21 | defend | 防御;辩护 | Lawyers defend their clients. | 律师为当事人辩护。 | defense (US) / defence (UK) | 防御;辩护 | The team has a strong defense. | 这支队伍防守很强。 |
| 22 | describe | 描述 | Can you describe your dream? | 你能描述一下你的梦吗? | description | 描述 | His description was vivid. | 他的描述很生动。 |
| 23 | develop | 发展;开发 | The company develops new software. | 这家公司开发新软件。 | development | 发展;开发 | Urban development is rapid. | 城市发展迅速。 |
| 24 | discover | 发现 | Columbus discovered America. | 哥伦布发现了美洲。 | discovery | 发现 | The discovery changed history. | 这一发现改变了历史。 |
| 25 | discuss | 讨论 | Let’s discuss the plan. | 我们来讨论一下这个计划。 | discussion | 讨论 | The discussion lasted two hours. | 讨论持续了两个小时。 |
| 26 | educate | 教育 | Schools educate children. | 学校教育孩子。 | education | 教育(不可数) | Higher education costs a lot. | 高等教育花费很高。 |
| 27 | elect | 选举 | Citizens elect their leaders. | 公民选举领导人。 | election | 选举 | The next election is in November. | 下次选举在11月。 |
| 28 | employ | 雇佣 | The factory employs 500 workers. | 这家工厂雇佣了500名工人。 | employment | 就业 | Youth employment is low. | 青年就业率低。 |
| 29 | employ | 使用 | We employ modern technology. | 我们使用现代技术。 | employee | 雇员 | All employees must wear ID cards. | 所有员工必须佩戴工牌。 |
| 30 | encourage | 鼓励 | Parents should encourage their kids. | 父母应鼓励孩子。 | encouragement | 鼓励(不可数) | Her words gave me encouragement. | 她的话给了我鼓励。 |
| 31 | enter | 进入 | Please enter your password. | 请输入密码。 | entrance | 入口 | The main entrance is closed. | 主入口已关闭。 |
| 32 | entertain | 娱乐 | He entertains guests with jokes. | 他用笑话招待客人。 | entertainment | 娱乐(不可数) | TV is a form of entertainment. | 电视是一种娱乐形式。 |
| 33 | examine | 检查;考试 | The doctor examined the patient. | 医生检查了病人。 | examination | 考试;检查 | Final examinations are next week. | 期末考试在下周。 |
| 34 | excite | 使兴奋 | The news excited everyone. | 这个消息让所有人兴奋。 | excitement | 兴奋 | Children shouted with excitement. | 孩子们兴奋地喊叫。 |
| 35 | expect | 期待 | I expect a reply soon. | 我期待尽快收到回复。 | expectation | 期望 | His expectations were too high. | 他的期望太高了。 |
| 36 | explain | 解释 | Can you explain this rule? | 你能解释一下这条规则吗? | explanation | 解释 | I need a clear explanation. | 我需要一个清晰的解释。 |
| 37 | explore | 探索 | Scientists explore space. | 科学家探索太空。 | exploration | 探索 | Ocean exploration is difficult. | 海洋探索很困难。 |
| 38 | express | 表达 | She expressed her feelings. | 她表达了自己的感受。 | expression | 表达;表情 | His face showed no expression. | 他脸上毫无表情。 |
| 39 | fail | 失败 | He failed the driving test. | 他驾照考试没通过。 | failure | 失败 | Don’t fear failure. | 不要害怕失败。 |
| 40 | fly | 飞行 | Birds fly south in winter. | 鸟类冬天飞往南方。 | flight | 航班;飞行 | Our flight was delayed. | 我们的航班延误了。 |
| 41 | govern | 统治;管理 | Laws govern society. | 法律治理社会。 | government | 政府 | The government raised taxes. | 政府提高了税收。 |
| 42 | grow | 生长;种植 | Plants grow in sunlight. | 植物在阳光下生长。 | growth | 生长;增长 | Economic growth slowed. | 经济增长放缓。 |
| 43 | guide | 指导 | She guided us through the museum. | 她带我们参观了博物馆。 | guidance | 指导(不可数) | Thanks for your guidance. | 谢谢你的指导。 |
| 44 | guide | 引导 | The app guides you to the station. | 这个App引导你到车站。 | guide | 导游;指南 | This travel guide is helpful. | 这本旅行指南很有用。 |
| 45 | help | 帮助 | Can you help me carry this? | 你能帮我搬这个吗? | help | 帮助(不可数) | I need some help. | 我需要一些帮助。 |
| 46 | help | 协助 | Volunteers help at the event. | 志愿者在活动中帮忙。 | helper | 帮手 | She was a great helper. | 她是个得力帮手。 |
| 47 | inform | 通知 | Please inform me of any changes. | 如有变动请通知我。 | information | 信息(不可数) | Do you have any information? | 你有相关信息吗? |
| 48 | instruct | 指导;指示 | The manual instructs you how to assemble it. | 说明书指导你如何组装。 | instruction | 说明;指令 | Read the instructions carefully. | 仔细阅读说明书。 |
| 49 | invent | 发明 | Edison invented the light bulb. | 爱迪生发明了电灯泡。 | invention | 发明 | The telephone was a great invention. | 电话是一项伟大发明。 |
| 50 | invite | 邀请 | They invited us to dinner. | 他们邀请我们吃晚饭。 | invitation | 邀请 | Did you get an invitation? | 你收到邀请了吗? |
✅ 第51–100继续如下:
| # | 动词 | 动词含义 | 动词例句(英) | 动词例句(中) | 名词 | 名词含义 | 名词例句(英) | 名词例句(中) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 51 | judge | 判断 | Don’t judge people by appearance. | 不要以貌取人。 | judgment | 判断力;判决 | Use your best judgment. | 运用你最好的判断力。 |
| 52 | know | 知道 | I know the answer. | 我知道答案。 | knowledge | 知识(不可数) | Knowledge is power. | 知识就是力量。 |
| 53 | lead | 领导 | She leads the team well. | 她带领团队很好。 | leader | 领导者 | He is a natural leader. | 他天生是位领导者。 |
| 54 | listen | 听 | Listen to the teacher! | 听老师讲! | listener | 听众 | Be a good listener. | 做个好的倾听者。 |
| 55 | manage | 管理 | She manages a small business. | 她经营一家小企业。 | management | 管理 | The management approved the plan. | 管理层批准了该计划。 |
| 56 | marry | 结婚 | They married last summer. | 他们去年夏天结婚了。 | marriage | 婚姻 | Their marriage is happy. | 他们的婚姻很幸福。 |
| 57 | move | 移动 | Please move your car. | 请把你的车挪一下。 | movement | 移动;运动 | The slow movement of glaciers. | 冰川的缓慢移动。 |
| 58 | observe | 观察 | Scientists observe stars. | 科学家观察星星。 | observation | 观察 | Careful observation is key. | 仔细观察是关键。 |
| 59 | own | 拥有 | I own a small café. | 我拥有一家小咖啡馆。 | owner | 拥有者 | The owner is very friendly. | 老板非常友好。 |
| 60 | paint | 画画 | She paints every weekend. | 她每个周末都画画。 | painting | 画;绘画 | This painting is famous. | 这幅画很有名。 |
| 61 | perform | 表演;执行 | The band performed live. | 乐队进行了现场表演。 | performance | 表演;表现 | Her performance was amazing. | 她的表现令人惊叹。 |
| 62 | permit | 允许 | Smoking is not permitted here. | 此处禁止吸烟。 | permission | 许可 | You need permission to enter. | 你需要许可才能进入。 |
| 63 | play | 玩;演奏 | Children play outside. | 孩子们在外面玩。 | play | 戏剧 | We saw a Shakespeare play. | 我们看了一部莎士比亚戏剧。 |
| 64 | please | 使高兴 | Your success pleases me. | 你的成功让我高兴。 | pleasure | 愉快 | It’s my pleasure to help. | 很高兴能帮忙。 |
| 65 | predict | 预测 | Experts predict rain tomorrow. | 专家预测明天有雨。 | prediction | 预测 | His prediction came true. | 他的预测成真了。 |
| 66 | prepare | 准备 | I’m preparing dinner. | 我在准备晚餐。 | preparation | 准备 | Good preparation is essential. | 充分准备是必要的。 |
| 67 | produce | 生产 | This farm produces milk. | 这个农场生产牛奶。 | product | 产品 | Apple’s latest product is popular. | 苹果最新产品很受欢迎。 |
| 68 | produce | 制作 | The studio produces films. | 这家工作室制作电影。 | production | 生产;制作 | Film production takes months. | 电影制作需要数月。 |
| 69 | pronounce | 发音 | How do you pronounce this word? | 这个单词怎么发音? | pronunciation | 发音 | Your pronunciation is clear. | 你的发音很清晰。 |
| 70 | protect | 保护 | Sunscreen protects your skin. | 防晒霜保护你的皮肤。 | protection | 保护 | Wear a helmet for protection. | 戴头盔以保安全。 |
| 71 | publish | 出版 | The book was published in 2020. | 这本书于2020年出版。 | publication | 出版;出版物 | The publication date is May. | 出版日期是五月。 |
| 72 | question | 提问 | Don’t question his honesty. | 不要质疑他的诚实。 | question | 问题 | He asked a difficult question. | 他问了一个难题。 |
| 73 | react | 反应 | How did she react to the news? | 她对这消息有何反应? | reaction | 反应 | His reaction was surprising. | 他的反应令人惊讶。 |
| 74 | read | 阅读 | I read newspapers daily. | 我每天读报纸。 | reading | 阅读;读物 | Daily reading improves vocabulary. | 每天阅读提升词汇量。 |
| 75 | recognize | 认出;认可 | I recognized her voice. | 我认出了她的声音。 | recognition | 识别;认可 | He received public recognition. | 他获得了公众认可。 |
| 76 | refer | 提及;参考 | The article refers to climate change. | 文章提到了气候变化。 | reference | 参考;推荐信 | Include two references in your CV. | 简历中附两封推荐信。 |
| 77 | refuse | 拒绝 | She refused the offer. | 她拒绝了这个提议。 | refusal | 拒绝 | His refusal upset everyone. | 他的拒绝让所有人不悦。 |
| 78 | relax | 放松 | I relax by listening to music. | 我通过听音乐放松。 | relaxation | 放松 | Yoga brings deep relaxation. | 瑜伽带来深度放松。 |
| 79 | remember | 记住 | I remember your birthday. | 我记得你的生日。 | memory | 记忆 | Childhood memories are precious. | 童年回忆很珍贵。 |
| 80 | repair | 修理 | He repaired my bike. | 他修好了我的自行车。 | repair | 修理(常复数) | The car needs repairs. | 这辆车需要修理。 |
| 81 | reply | 回复 | Please reply to my email. | 请回复我的邮件。 | reply | 回复 | I’m waiting for your reply. | 我在等你的回复。 |
| 82 | require | 需要 | This job requires patience. | 这份工作需要耐心。 | requirement | 要求 | English is a basic requirement. | 英语是基本要求。 |
| 83 | research | 研究 | Scientists research new medicines. | 科学家研究新药。 | research | 研究(不可数) | Scientific research takes time. | 科学研究需要时间。 |
| 84 | respond | 回应 | She didn’t respond to my message. | 她没有回复我的消息。 | response | 回应 | We’re waiting for their response. | 我们在等他们的回应。 |
| 85 | run | 跑 | He runs every morning. | 他每天早上跑步。 | runner | 跑者 | She is a marathon runner. | 她是马拉松跑者。 |
| 86 | run | 经营 | She runs a small shop. | 她经营一家小店。 | running | 跑步(运动) | Running keeps me healthy. | 跑步让我保持健康。 |
| 87 | satisfy | 使满意 | The meal satisfied my hunger. | 这顿饭让我吃饱了。 | satisfaction | 满意 | Customer satisfaction is key. | 客户满意是关键。 |
| 88 | solve | 解决 | We must solve this problem. | 我们必须解决这个问题。 | solution | 解决方案 | There’s no easy solution. | 没有简单的解决方案。 |
| 89 | speak | 说话 | She speaks three languages. | 她会说三种语言。 | speech | 演讲;言语 | He gave a short speech. | 他做了简短演讲。 |
| 90 | succeed | 成功 | Hard work helps you succeed. | 努力助你成功。 | success | 成功 | Success requires effort. | 成功需要努力。 |
| 91 | suggest | 建议 | I suggest we leave now. | 我建议我们现在就走。 | suggestion | 建议 | That’s a useful suggestion. | 那是个有用的建议。 |
| 92 | support | 支持 | My family supports me. | 我的家人支持我。 | support | 支持(不可数) | Emotional support matters. | 情感支持很重要。 |
| 93 | teach | 教 | She teaches English. | 她教英语。 | teacher | 教师 | My teacher is kind and patient. | 我的老师和蔼又耐心。 |
| 94 | think | 思考 | I think it’s a good idea. | 我觉得这是个好主意。 | thought | 想法;思想 | That’s an interesting thought. | 那是个有趣的想法。 |
| 95 | train | 训练 | Athletes train daily. | 运动员每天训练。 | training | 训练 | Job training starts Monday. | 岗前培训周一开始。 |
| 96 | travel | 旅行 | I love to travel. | 我喜欢旅行。 | travel | 旅行(不可数) | Travel broadens your mind. | 旅行开阔眼界。 |
| 97 | treat | 对待;治疗 | The doctor treated his injury. | 医生治疗了他的伤。 | treatment | 治疗;对待 | He received medical treatment. | 他接受了医学治疗。 |
| 98 | use | 使用 | Use your phone wisely. | 明智地使用你的手机。 | use | 使用(不可数) | The use of plastic is banned. | 禁止使用塑料。 |
| 99 | use | 利用 | We use solar energy. | 我们利用太阳能。 | user | 用户 | Social media users are growing. | 社交媒体用户在增加。 |
| 100 | write | 写 | She writes stories. | 她写故事。 | writer | 作家 | J.K. Rowling is a famous writer. | J.K.罗琳是位著名作家。 |
✅ 使用建议:
- 背诵时:动词+名词一起记,理解语义关联
- 写作时:用名词化结构(如 “make a decision” → “the decision was made”)更正式
- 口语中:注意不可数名词(advice, information, knowledge)不能加 a/an