在Android的布局体系中，父View负责刷新、布局显示子View；而当子View需要刷新时，则是通知父View来完成。这种处理逻辑在View的代码中明确的表现出来：

void invalidate(boolean invalidateCache) {
            final AttachInfo ai = mAttachInfo;
            final ViewParent p = mParent;
            //noinspection PointlessBooleanExpression,ConstantConditions
            if (!HardwareRenderer.RENDER_DIRTY_REGIONS) {
                if (p != null && ai != null && ai.mHardwareAccelerated) {
                    // fast-track for GL-enabled applications; just invalidate the whole hierarchy
                    // with a null dirty rect, which tells the ViewAncestor to redraw everything
                    p.invalidateChild(this, null);
                    return;
                }
            }
 
            if (p != null && ai != null) {
                final Rect r = ai.mTmpInvalRect;
                r.set(0, 0, mRight - mLeft, mBottom - mTop);
                // Don't call invalidate -- we don't want to internally scroll
                // our own bounds
                p.invalidateChild(this, r);
            }
        }
    }

子View调用invalidate时，首先找到自己父View(View的成员变量mParent记录自己的父View)，然后将AttachInfo中保存的信息告诉父View刷新自己。

View的父子关系的建立分为两种情况：

1. View加入ViewGroup中

private void addViewInner(View child, int index, LayoutParams params, boolean preventRequestLayout) {
        .....
            // tell our children
        if (preventRequestLayout) {
            child.assignParent(this);
        } else {
            child.mParent = this;
        }
       .....
}

2)DecorView注册给WindowManagerImpl时，产生一个ViewRoot作为其父View。

public void setView(View view, WindowManager.LayoutParams attrs, View panelParentView){
    .....
    view.assignParent(this);
    ....
}

AttachInfo是在View第一次attach到Window时，ViewRoot传给自己的子View的。这个AttachInfo之后，会顺着布局体系一直传递到最底层的View。
View.java

void dispatchAttachedToWindow(AttachInfo info, int visibility) {
    mAttachInfo = info;
    .....
}

ViewGroup.java

void dispatchAttachedToWindow(AttachInfo info, int visibility) {
    super.dispatchAttachedToWindow(info, visibility);
 
    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
        children[i].dispatchAttachedToWindow(info, visibility);
    }
}

并且在新的View被加入ViewGroup时，也会将该AttachInfo传给加入的View

ViewGroup.java

private void addViewInner(View child, int index, LayoutParams params, boolean preventRequestLayout) {
    child.dispatchAttachedToWindow(mAttachInfo, (mViewFlags&VISIBILITY_MASK));
}

在invalidate中，调用父View的invalidateChild，这是一个从第向上回溯的过程，每一层的父View都将自己的显示区域与传入的刷新Rect做交集

public final void invalidateChild(View child, final Rect dirty) {
    ViewParent parent = this;
 
    final AttachInfo attachInfo = mAttachInfo;
    if (attachInfo != null) {
        final int[] location = attachInfo.mInvalidateChildLocation;
        // 需要刷新的子View的位置 
        location[CHILD_LEFT_INDEX] = child.mLeft;
        location[CHILD_TOP_INDEX] = child.mTop;
 
        // If the child is drawing an animation, we want to copy this flag onto
        // ourselves and the parent to make sure the invalidate request goes through
        final boolean drawAnimation = (child.mPrivateFlags & DRAW_ANIMATION) == DRAW_ANIMATION;
 
        // Check whether the child that requests the invalidate is fully opaque
        final boolean isOpaque = child.isOpaque() && !drawAnimation && child.getAnimation() != null;
        // Mark the child as dirty, using the appropriate flag
        // Make sure we do not set both flags at the same time
        final int opaqueFlag = isOpaque ? DIRTY_OPAQUE : DIRTY;
 
        do {
            View view = null;
            if (parent instanceof View) {
                view = (View) parent;
            }
 
            if (drawAnimation) {
                if (view != null) {
                        view.mPrivateFlags |= DRAW_ANIMATION;
                } else if (parent instanceof ViewRoot) {
                        ((ViewRoot) parent).mIsAnimating = true;
                }
            }
 
                // If the parent is dirty opaque or not dirty, mark it dirty with the opaque
                // flag coming from the child that initiated the invalidate
            if (view != null && (view.mPrivateFlags & DIRTY_MASK) != DIRTY) {
                view.mPrivateFlags = (view.mPrivateFlags & ~DIRTY_MASK) | opaqueFlag;
            }
 
            parent = parent.invalidateChildInParent(location, dirty);
        } while (parent != null);
    }
}
 
public ViewParent invalidateChildInParent(final int[] location, final Rect dirty) {
    if ((mPrivateFlags & DRAWN) == DRAWN) {
        if ((mGroupFlags & (FLAG_OPTIMIZE_INVALIDATE | FLAG_ANIMATION_DONE)) !=
                        FLAG_OPTIMIZE_INVALIDATE) {
            // 根据父View的位置，偏移刷新区域 
            dirty.offset(location[CHILD_LEFT_INDEX] - mScrollX, location[CHILD_TOP_INDEX] - mScrollY);
 
            final int left = mLeft;
            final int top = mTop;
            //计算实际可刷新区域 
            if (dirty.intersect(0, 0, mRight - left, mBottom - top) ||
                        (mPrivateFlags & DRAW_ANIMATION) == DRAW_ANIMATION) {
                mPrivateFlags &= ~DRAWING_CACHE_VALID;
 
                location[CHILD_LEFT_INDEX] = left;
                location[CHILD_TOP_INDEX] = top;
                return mParent;
            }
        } else {
            mPrivateFlags &= ~DRAWN & ~DRAWING_CACHE_VALID;
 
            location[CHILD_LEFT_INDEX] = mLeft;
            location[CHILD_TOP_INDEX] = mTop;
 
           dirty.set(0, 0, mRight - location[CHILD_LEFT_INDEX],
                        mBottom - location[CHILD_TOP_INDEX]);
 
                return mParent;
            }
        }
 
        return null;
}

这个向上回溯的过程直到ViewRoot那里结束，由ViewRoot对这个最终的刷新区域做刷新。
ViewRoot.java

public void invalidateChild(View child, Rect dirty) {
    scheduleTraversals();
}