在常见的bs前后分离开发中，我们一般会统一返回的格式，这样更方便前端进行处理。

一、创建统一响应类

我们先创建一个统一返回的类，为了方便我们会提供两个静态方法（成功和失败）。

public class UniformResponse<T>
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 自定义响应码
    /// </summary>
    public string? StatusCode { get; set; }
    /// <summary>
    /// 请求结果
    /// </summary>
    public bool Succeeded { get; set; }
    /// <summary>
    /// 请求正确时的数据
    /// </summary>
    public T? Data { get; set; }
    /// <summary>
    /// 错误信息
    /// </summary>
    public string? Error { get; set; }
    /// <summary>
    /// 响应的时间
    /// </summary>
    public long Timestamp { get; set; } = DateTime.Now.Ticks;
    /// <summary>
    /// 额外的信息
    /// </summary>
    public dynamic? Extra { get; set; }

    /// <summary>
    /// 成功
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="data">响应数据</param>
    /// <param name="statusCode">自定义的正确响应码</param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static UniformResponse<T> Succeed(T? data, string statusCode = "200")
        => new() { StatusCode = statusCode, Succeeded = true, Data = data};

    /// <summary>
    /// 失败
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="errors">错误信息</param>
    /// <param name="statusCode">自定义的错误响应码</param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static UniformResponse<T> Failure(string errors, string statusCode = "500")
        => new() { Error = errors, StatusCode = statusCode };
}

二、实现控制器方法结果包装

对控制器方法结果包装我们需要实现IResultFilter或者IAsyncResultFilter，这两个筛选器可以很方便的操作控制器方法返回的结果，我们通过对不同结果的不同处理，然后实现结果包装。这里主要针对WebAPI返回的一个情况，如果需要判断其他IActionResult的派生类则需另加。

public class UniformResponseFilter : IAsyncResultFilter
{
    private readonly ILogger<UniformResponseFilter> _logger;

    public UniformResponseFilter(ILogger<UniformResponseFilter> logger)
    {
        _logger = logger;
    }

    public async Task OnResultExecutionAsync(ResultExecutingContext context, ResultExecutionDelegate next)
    {
        if (context.Result is FileResult)
        {
            await next();
            return;
        }
        UniformResponse<object> targetResult;
        if (context.Result is BadRequestObjectResult badResult)
        {
            string error = "异常";
            if (badResult.Value is ValidationProblemDetails details)
            {
                error = details.Title + ";" + string.Join(";", details.Errors.Select(e => $"【{e.Key}:{string.Join(",", e.Value)}】"));
            }
            _logger.LogError(error);
            targetResult = UniformResponse<object>.Failure(error);
        }
        else if (context.Result is EmptyResult)
        {
            targetResult = UniformResponse<object>.Succeed(null);
        }
        else if (context.Result is JsonResult jr)
        {
            targetResult = UniformResponse<object>.Succeed(jr.Value);
        }
        else
        {
            var objResult = (ObjectResult)context.Result;
            if (objResult.StatusCode == 200 || objResult.StatusCode is null)
            {
                var value = objResult.Value;
                object? result = context.Result == null ? true : value;
                targetResult = UniformResponse<object>.Succeed(result);
            }
            else
            {
                if (objResult.Value is ProblemDetails details)
                {
                    targetResult = UniformResponse<object>.Failure(details.Title!);
                }
                else
                {
                    targetResult = UniformResponse<object>.Failure("请求异常");
                }
            }
        }

        context.Result = new ObjectResult(targetResult);
        await next();
    }
}

三、在Program.cs中使用

builder.Services.AddControllers(options =>
{
    options.Filters.Add<UniformResponseFilter>();
});

四、支持额外信息的返回

还记得我们在UniformResponse中有一个Extra的属性吗？这个就是方便后面我们在不修改原本Data属性的格式下额外返回的一个东西，它将支持在整个请求中随时返回任意格式的数据，下面我们就来实现它。

1. 提供一个UniformResponseExtraHelper类

public class UniformResponseExtraHelper
{
    private readonly Dictionary<string, object> extraDatas;
    
    public UniformResponseExtraHelper()
    {
        extraDatas = new();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 添加一个额外的数据
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="name"></param>
    /// <param name="data"></param>
    public void Add(string name, object data) => extraDatas.TryAdd(name, data);

    /// <summary>
    /// 获取额外的数据
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public Dictionary<string, object>? GetExtraDatas() => extraDatas.Any() ? extraDatas : null;
}

2. 在UniformResponseFilter中支持UniformResponseExtraHelper

public class UniformResponseFilter : IAsyncResultFilter
{
    private readonly UniformResponseExtraHelper _extraHelper;
    private readonly ILogger<UniformResponseFilter> _logger;

    public UniformResponseFilter(UniformResponseExtraHelper extraHelper, ILogger<UniformResponseFilter> logger)
    {
        _extraHelper = extraHelper;
        _logger = logger;
    }

    public async Task OnResultExecutionAsync(ResultExecutingContext context, ResultExecutionDelegate next)
    {
        if (context.Result is FileResult)
        {
            await next();
            return;
        }
        UniformResponse<object> targetResult;
        if (context.Result is BadRequestObjectResult badResult)
        {
            string error = "异常";
            if (badResult.Value is ValidationProblemDetails details)
            {
                error = details.Title + ";" + string.Join(";", details.Errors.Select(e => $"【{e.Key}:{string.Join(",", e.Value)}】"));
            }
            _logger.LogError(error);
            targetResult = UniformResponse<object>.Failure(error);
        }
        else if (context.Result is EmptyResult)
        {
            targetResult = UniformResponse<object>.Succeed(null);
        }
        else if (context.Result is JsonResult jr)
        {
            targetResult = UniformResponse<object>.Succeed(jr.Value);
        }
        else
        {
            var objResult = (ObjectResult)context.Result;
            if (objResult.StatusCode == 200 || objResult.StatusCode is null)
            {
                var value = objResult.Value;
                object? result = context.Result == null ? true : value;
                targetResult = UniformResponse<object>.Succeed(result);
            }
            else
            {
                if (objResult.Value is ProblemDetails details)
                {
                    targetResult = UniformResponse<object>.Failure(details.Title!);
                }
                else
                {
                    targetResult = UniformResponse<object>.Failure("请求异常");
                }
            }
        }

        //添加额外信息
        targetResult.Extra = _extraHelper.GetExtraDatas();

        context.Result = new ObjectResult(targetResult);
        await next();
    }
}

3. 最后修改Program.cs

//注册为作用域服务
builder.Services.AddScoped<UniformResponseExtraHelper>();
builder.Services.AddControllers(options =>
{
    options.Filters.Add<UniformResponseFilter>();
});