【Economist】China’s economy: Viral injections
Companies warn of an economic crisis as China battles an epidemic
RARELY HAVE plans in China fallen apart so swiftly and so publicly. 【plans in China RARELY HAVE fallen apart so swiftly and so publicly.】On January 12th the leaders of Hubei declared that the province’s GDP would grow by 7.5% this year. They made no mention of a new virus fast spreading through its towns and cities. But less than two weeks later it could not be ignored. They placed the province under quarantine, hemming in over 50m people and rendering this year’s flashy growth target almost certainly unreachable.
【1.under quarantine处于封城之中
2. hem VT给...卷边N卷边 hem and haw支支吾吾；哼哼哈哈；犹豫
3. renderVT致使导致
4. flashy华而不实的adj.
——他们封闭了整个省，将5千万的人围了起来，而今年GDP实现7.5%增长速度这一华而不实的目标也再无可能实现。】
The lurch from confidence to anxiety has echoed throughout China. In the months before the coronavirus outbreak, the stockmarket had rallied and businesses had been upbeat, not least because China and America had struck a trade deal. But optimism has crumbled as officials have begun to fight the epidemic.
【1.lurchN/VI趔趄踉跄lurched from one budget crisis to another
2.rally N/VT/VI团结重整恢复（remit V恢复N运送的东西 resume）
3.Upbeat adj上升的兴旺的（up-and-coming）uprise起义N.V.(rebellion insurrection revolt insurgency uprising)
[if !supportLists]4. [endif]Not least尤其是（用法和particularly一样）But many of them will be unpopular, not least big spending cuts.尤其是大幅削减财政支出最是不受欢迎
[if !supportLists]5. [endif]Crumble（flat out坦白坦诚）】
The Chinese stockmarket has fallen by 10% since January 20th. Factories and offices were supposed to reopen in recent days after the new-year holiday. Most provinces have ordered them to stay shut until at least February 10th. Farmers have warned that their chickens might starve because roadblocks have snarled their feed supplies. Few people dare venture out, hitting restaurants and hotels especially hard. In an interview that attracted much attention before being censored, the founder of Xibei, a restaurant chain, said that if the lockdown persisted for a few months, vast numbers could lose their jobs. “Wouldn’t that be an economic crisis?” he asked.
【1.snarl VT/N嚎叫 怒骂
[if !supportLists]2. [endif]censor 直接记censorship审查制度
[if !supportLists]3. [endif]Lockdown 防范禁闭N./V.】
Analysts have rushed to lower their economic forecasts. The consensus had been that GDP would expand about by 6% year-on-year in the first quarter. Now several expect a 4% pace, the slowest since China began publishing quarterly figures in 1992.
【year-on-yearadj.与上年同期数字相比的】
Usually, the further into the future you peer, the greater the uncertainty. But as past epidemics have shown, China’s officials can be fairly confident that growth will rebound to its pre-virus trajectory next year. It is the next couple of months that are the black hole. 【The next couple of months are the black hole.】Three unknowns cloud the outlook: how long it takes to contain the virus; when the government relaxes its heavy-handed restrictions on daily life; and how long after that people resume the whirl of activity that normally makes the Chinese economy so vibrant.
【1.trajectory n. [物] 轨道，轨线；[航][军] 弹道
[if !supportLists]2. [endif]heavy-handed adj.严厉的；笨手笨脚的；手辣的胖到动不了了所以笨手笨脚的
[if !supportLists]3. [endif]Whirl V/Nv.（使）旋转，回旋 whip n./V.鞭子；鞭策者
[if !supportLists]4. [endif]Robust vibrant up-and-coming upbeat adj有生机的 有活力的】
This near-term uncertainty presents a challenge for economic policy. Even if growth plummets, a big stimulus package might be dangerous medicine. 【即使是增速放缓，采用大量的刺激性政策可能也会带来危险】Given the lag in spending, the boost from projects announced today could kick in just as the economy gathers steam of its own, leading to overheating.【考虑到支出的滞后，今天宣布的刺激项目可能正好在经济增长的同时发挥作用，导致经济过热】 Instead, measures to help people and firms through the rough patch are more sensible. These can be pared back when the recovery eventually arrives. Getting them right, though, is not easy.
【1.plummet v.陡直落下，快速落下；（价值、数量等）骤然下跌
[if !supportLists]2. [endif]kick in 踢开；支付；开始生效；腿打水游进；死亡(这里是开始的意思，一般都是开始的意思)
[if !supportLists]3. [endif]Sensible sensitive sensable sensation轰动 大爆炸
[if !supportLists]4. [endif]Pare VT削皮;去掉…外层,削减（curtail） 和peel的意思是一样的 剥下来也就是削减的意思吧】
Prop..up支撑V pare
Officials are combining temporary cash support with market interventions and forbearance. On February 3rd the central bank injected 1.2trn yuan ($172bn) into the financial system by purchasing treasury bonds from banks that promise to buy them back within 14 days. Banks will probably suffer from rising loan defaults in the coming weeks; this gives them more cash to work with in the near term. The central bank can extend the support if needed.
【1.forbearance N宽容
[if !supportLists]2. [endif]trillion兆(万亿) million千万 billion百万
[if !supportLists]3. [endif]Loan defaults贷款违约 贷款无力偿还 roll over 贷款展期
[if !supportLists]4. [endif]Treasury bonds国债券/财政部债券/国库券】
Officials are also managing in the stockmarket. Regulators have told brokers to bar clients from short selling, so as to limit downward pressure, according to Reuters. State media have also played cheerleader, saying that big state-owned insurance companies were primed to scoop up undervalued stocks. Share prices still dropped by 8% on February 3rd. But that was largely a catch-up with the Hong Kong market, which had been open the previous week. Trading has since stabilised, suggesting that the tactics are working.
【1.Reuter n.路透社
[if !supportLists]2. [endif]Cheerleader n.拉拉队队员
[if !supportLists]3. [endif]Be primed to adj.待发的prime VT/VI准备好，整装待发
[if !supportLists]4. [endif]Catch-up n.急起直追，赶上（别人水平）
[if !supportLists]5. [endif]Stablize=stabilise注意这俩拼写不一样 整挺好】
Finally, officials have been orchestrating forbearance on various fronts. Shanghai was due to raise companies’ social-security contributions on April 1st. That has been delayed by three months, saving firms an estimated 10bn yuan. In Beijing officials have encouraged landlords to cut their commercial tenants’ rents, in exchange for subsidies. And regulators have called on banks nationwide to roll over loans to companies that would otherwise lack the cash buffers to survive.
【1.orchestrate vt.把…编成管弦乐曲；（美）精心安排；把…协调地结合起来
[if !supportLists]2. [endif]be due to即将 将要
[if !supportLists]3. [endif]Roll over贷款展期 loan default 无法归还贷款
[if !supportLists]4. [endif]Buffer n. [计] 缓冲区；缓冲器，[车辆] 减震器 vt.缓冲
现金支付Cash can buffer us from indulgence.
Indulgent adj.放纵的；宽容的；任性的】
Even as the death toll mounts, some officials are already thinking about the economic distortions that have arisen in the course of the battle against the epidemic. Hospitals face shortages of masks, gowns and gloves. At the government’s urging, producers have increased output. But as Liu Shangxi, an adviser to the finance ministry, has noted, they will suffer from severe overcapacity after the crisis passes. The government should thus be ready, he argues, to compensate them.
【1.toll伤亡人数
[if !supportLists]2. [endif]Increase ramp up churn out scramble to】
Such proposals are a far cry from the bold plans that Hubei’s leaders laid out only a few weeks ago. Yet the priority these days is not to gee up growth but to ensure that society remains stable as the quarantines drag on. China’s grim new reality is that everything, even economic policy, revolves around beating the virus.
【1.a far cry 大不相同；遥远的距离；悬殊
2.gee up 快 命令向前跑
[if !supportLists]3. [endif]Drag on 拖延 brag boost 7rings_ArianaGrande】
【NPR】A Cough Cure For Kids? Try Honey
【NPR 美国全国公共广播电台】
For Kid's Coughs, Swap The Over-The-Counter Syrups For Honey
【1.OTC——over-the-counter
[if !supportLists]2. [endif]syrup n.糖浆，果汁；含药糖浆】
图片注释：
A spoonful of honey makes the medicine...irrelevant. That's because honey works better than cough syrups to help with kids' coughs.
【1.irrevelant ADJ不重要的/不相关的】
If you don't have little kids, or it's been a while, let me just break down for you why kids' coughs can be a truly miserable problem that can drive you to madness.
【1. break down for.... 让你崩溃
句意：如果你没有小孩或是刚刚有小孩，我接下来要说的东西会让你崩溃——孩子咳嗽的问题为什么会让你抓狂】
Imagine this: Your kid's coughing — it's almost always worse at night — then they start crying because they're tired and can't sleep with all the coughing. The coughing and crying means that not only do they not sleep, but you also don't sleep — no one in the house sleeps — and this can go on for weeks.
So what do you do? You might, logically, go to the drug store. When you get there, there might be dozens of bottles of cough syrup promising to help your kid's cough. You'll see labels with babies and crescent moons that promise to relieve "chest congestion" and help your kid sleep.
【1.crescent moon N新月；盈月；娥眉月scent带着香味的 cre快来啦 快要来临还带着香味——新来的】
Pediatrician Jennifer Shu says don't buy it. Shu, a spokesperson for the American Academy of Pediatrics, says the shelves of kids' cough medicine at the pharmacy are not really about good medicine — it's marketing.
【1.pediatriciann.儿科医生（paediatrician 的美式拼写）pedestrian 步行
2.spokesman注意拼写】
"If you make it, some people are going to buy it," she says. "That's why you see lots of products on shelves that may not be necessary or even safe for kids."
Mostly, these kids cough syrups have either a cough suppressant like dextromethorphan (in Robitussin and Delsym, for example) or an antihistamine like diphenhydramine (in Benadryl and Dimetapp).
【1.suppressant注意拼写】
"What the studies have shown is that — for some reason — in kids they aren't that effective," she explains.
Plus, these drugs can cause side effects, she says, "such as increasing your blood pressure, making your heart rate go up or suppressing the drive to breathe — and that's definitely something we don't want for kids."
So what can desperate, sleep-starved parents give their kids? The answer might be already in the kitchen cupboard.
"Honey is at least as effective as those many, many products that you see in the drugstore," says Dr. Bud Wiedermann, an infectious disease specialist at Children's National Hospital in Washington D.C. This is only for kids older than 1 year old. (There's a risk of botulism for infants.)
【*1. botulism n. [内科][毒物] 肉毒中毒（食物中毒一种）】
There is some research to back up honey as a cough treatment. One randomized controlled trial in Israel asked parents of coughing kids to give their child either honey or a date syrup that looked and tasted like honey (a placebo), and found that the honey group said that the child's cough and sleep as improved after one night of honey, but parents who gave the date syrup found no improvement (note this study was partially funded by the Honey Board of Israel). Another study found honey worked about as well as dextromethorphan without the risks of side effects.
【1. Israel注意要认得】
How does honey work to quiet a cough? Shu says, it's not clear.
"Honey has some natural antibacterial and antiviral properties," she says. "It contains hydrogen peroxide, so there is a theory that that's why it might help fight a cold. But also the thickness of it helps coat the throat and makes it feel more comfortable so you don't have that dry, ticklish feeling that's causing your cough."
【*1. peroxide n.过氧化氢；过氧化物
2 ticklish adj.不安定的，不稳定的；难对付的；易倒的；易痒的；忌讳的】
Wiedermann says — prevention is important too. Even though we're halfway through flu seasons he says it's not too late to get the flu vaccine."Not just your children, but the whole family, because with the adults being immunized you lessen the likelihood that there'll be intense household exposure," he says. "Don't go to work if you're sick; don't go to school if you're sick — you're just spreading your virus to other people."
【1. halfway through完成了一半 这句话的意思就是“虽然流感季节已经走完一半了，但是早点打疫苗也有必要”】
And, he says, whether you're trying to avoid getting sick or you've already got something: "Wash hands. Wash hands. Wash hands."
Besides honey, there are a few other tried and true home treatments for a stubborn kid's cough — make sure they're drinking lots of fluids, prop them up on a pillow, try using a humidifier or a menthol chest rub.
【1. tried and true adj.经考验证明好的
2. prop VT v.支撑；放置；用……撑住（某物）prop...up pare-curtail
[if !supportLists]3. [endif]*MentholADJ薄荷的】
If your little one has a fever or labored breathing, Shu says, you might need to get medical attention. Otherwise, just buckle in and try to ride it out as best you can. She says kids can get an average of one cold a month in the winter — and each one can last two weeks — or longer.
【1. labored breathing 呼吸困难；憋气
[if !supportLists]2. [endif]Buckle in 搭扣/拼死抵抗 努力抗争】
So here's her final advice: "Patience young grasshopper," she laughs. "It'll feel like it's lasting forever, but it will go away."
【grassshopper蚱蜢 young grassshopper年轻人们小屁孩们
——她最后的忠告是“耐心点，年轻人”，她笑着说，“（咳嗽）好像是会永远持续下去，但它早晚会消失的。”】
【Atlantic】The Best Defense AgainstExotic New Diseases
【Erotic adj.外来的 异域的 Exotic libido p那个你懂得】
【perilous 危险的 viral 有病毒的clamore exaseparate V furore N狂怒 嚣张 aficionado cohort N支持者】
The global fight against coronavirus depends on the health systems of the world’s most vulnerable communities.
The 2019 novel coronavirus has caused a public-health emergency in China, a global economic superpower. Like many in my field, I worry that if and when the emergent virus takes root in poorer countries that are already tackling outbreaks of other pathogens, it could wreak havoc of an even larger magnitude.
【1. pathogen n.病原体；病菌labyrinth迷宫aglorithm算法
2 wreak vt.发泄；报仇；造成（巨大的破坏或伤害）r后变weak——发泄 wreck VT/VI/N破坏；失事；残骸；失去健康的人 wreckage n.（失事船或飞机等的）残骸；（船只等的）失事“是失事不是残骸”
3 havoc n.大破坏；浩劫；蹂躏 slaughter massacre吓我（一跳）--大浩劫 hover VT/VI/N盘旋，翱翔；徘徊】
I am a physician who concentrates on outbreak preparedness against new infectious diseases, both in the United States and in countries with far fewer resources. My work—currently in western and equatorial Africa and previously in Asia and Latin America—has convinced me that global defenses against new infectious diseases are only as strong as the health systems in the poorest communities all around the world. The specifics of new diseases matter less than whether those communities can, with international support, build the resilience to face common (and uncommon) threats.
【1. equatorial Africa 赤道非洲
2 resilience n.恢复力；弹力；顺应力】
【The specifics of new diseases matter less than whether those communities can build the resilience to face threats with international support 句意：新疫情具体的情况并不重要，重要的是在国际援助下这些组织能否有效地面对疫情威胁】
When I landed in Uganda a couple of weeks ago, the airport in Entebbe was screening for Ebola virus disease, because of the continuing outbreak in the neighboring Democratic Republic of Congo, and also for the novel coronavirus, known as 2019-nCoV. That same week, a number of other diseases also threatened people living in the region. The Ugandan public-health authorities were simultaneously dealing with outbreaks of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever and yellow fever.
【1. Entebbe n.恩德培市（乌干达城市）
2* hemorrhagic adj.出血的 tuberculousis turbulence】
Last week, World Health Organization Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus declared 2019-nCoV a public-health emergency of international concern. The potential harm to low- and middle-income countries was high on his list of concerns. His agency subsequently identified 13 African countries at high risk for transmission of 2019-nCoV due to direct links or high-volume travel from China. The damage [the new epidemic might cause in Africa] is not only a function of the disease itself (which currently is thought to have a mortality rate of about 2 percent), but also of how it could combine with other health threats and disrupt trade, travel, and educational endeavors on the continent. In countries that have already struggled to contend with other infections, the 2019-nCoV epidemic could lie over the public-health landscape like a heavy blanket, overburdening the already sparse health-care systems with yet more illnesses and deaths. In time, the novel coronavirus will likely become part of the tapestry of common diseases, but not before it exacts direct costs from poor communities—while also diverting money and energy, much like Ebola did, from health threats that are more familiar but still potentially lethal.
【1. general director还可以说成Directoor-General
2 mortality rate死亡率
[if !supportLists]3. [endif]Continent注意拼写 contingent adj.偶然（发生）的；（损失、责任等）附带的；以事实为依据的；依情况而变的n.代表队 adjacent adj.邻近的 congatious-epidemic-pandemic conspicuous-adjacent trajectory
[if !supportLists]4. [endif]Contend with-cope with 对付；与…作斗争
content with 满足于…；对…感到满意
consent N/V准许，同意；赞同，同意；正式批准文件，批文；（古）一致，和谐dissent V/N 不同意；对国教（或东正教教义）不遵循
Resent-plague-nuisance-detest vt.怨恨；愤恨；厌恶
Contest n.比赛，竞赛；（控制权或权力的）争夺；争论，争辩，争执v取得比赛胜利/竞争
Contestant N竞争者；争辩者
attest-verify-justify VT/VI 证明；证实；为…作证 rectify
[if !supportLists]5. [endif]Overburnden overweigh outweigh outmode outdate outbreak
[if !supportLists]6. [endif]Sparse-barren-exiguous adj.稀疏的；稀少的sparkle-星星点点自然稀疏 pare-curtail marginless
meadow grassland pasture lawn
You make my day/dawn. SEVENTEEN
[if !supportLists]7. [endif]In time/ on time 准时/及时
[if !supportLists]8. [endif]tapestry N/V壁毯挂毯挂在墙上做装饰的毯子窗帘提花布 tapes来try一下
[if !supportLists]9. [endif]Divert VT/VI转移；使…欢娱；使…转向
[if !supportLists]10. [endif]lethal N/ADJ 致命的，致死的
viral vital-fatal-virulous-perilous-mortal-deadly
Vicious virtuous】
The last two Ebola outbreaks—in West Africa from 2013 to 2016 and now in the Democratic Republic of Congo—have devastated the affected countries. If any good has come of those events, it’s that they have also led to improvements in many African countries’ capacity to tackle emerging infectious diseases, bringing in investment in diagnostic capacity and national coordination.
Nigeria, for example, has improved its national laboratory that tests infectious-disease specimens. That nation’s improved detection capabilities have improved surveillance not just of Ebola, but also of Lassa fever and of the growing incidence of monkeypox and other infectious diseases. There is greater regional leadership; the Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention—a.k.a. Africa CDC—has emerged as both a coordinator of and advocate for more resources and has led the efforts to conduct diagnostic testing for 2019-nCoV in multiple countries across the continent.
【1. Nigeria n.尼日利亚（位于非洲）
[if !supportLists]2. [endif]Surveillance拼写
[if !supportLists]3. [endif]*Lassa fever n. [医] 拉沙热
[if !supportLists]4. [endif]*Monkeypox n.猴天花，猴痘
[if !supportLists]5. [endif]A.k.a-also known as】
Meanwhile, teams in the Democratic Republic of Congo and neighboring countries have had recent practice in tracing the contacts of patients who might have been exposed to a dangerous pathogen, and the countries in the region have shown incredible success in working together to control the current Ebola outbreak across multiple borders. Congo recently successfully conducted the first clinical trial in history to take place in the middle of both an armed-conflict zone and an Ebola outbreak. Its experience has added to global knowledge about how to deploy experimental treatments for other emerging diseases in resource-limited settings.
【1. incredible invaluable 看着贬义实则褒义
[if !supportLists]2. [endif]Armed-conflict 武装冲突直接字面翻译】
Some countries have used the emergency-coordination structures they employed for Ebola response and have been able to adapt them to rapid response for the novel coronavirus. Programs such as the Global Health Security Agenda, a multicountry initiative established in the aftermath of the 2013–2016 Ebola epidemic, have improved the centralized public-health capacities in many low-income countries. Despite all these advances, though, the magnitude of health threats that poorer countries face remains vastly greater than their capacity to handle them unaided.
【1 aftermath n.后果；余波】
The new coronavirus is also not the same challenge as Ebola. Whereas Ebola transmission requires close contact with an infected person’s bodily fluids, 2019-nCoV is thought to be transmitted—potentially before patients even show symptoms of infection—through respiratory droplets created by coughing or sneezing. The 2019-nCoV epidemic could unfortunately result in a much greater number of cases, despite having a lower mortality rate, and may test aspects of public-health resilience in ways that Ebola didn’t. It will exacerbate some of the greatest weaknesses of crowded low-resource health-care facilities, including their inability to quickly identify and isolate patients who may have early symptoms resembling those of other common diseases. Coronavirus will spread through hospitals where high-quality infection control is extremely challenging and where, in most cases, testing for even regular respiratory viruses such as influenza is not conducted (unless it’s part of national surveillance studies).
【1. whereas 然而鉴于但是反之 nevertheless adv./conj.然而，不过；虽然如此nonetheless adv.尽管如此，但是
2 droplet n.小滴，微滴
3 exacerbate宏碁-exaggerate-aggravate -put it on/pile it on-boost-brag vt.使加剧；使恶化；激怒】
Many of the challenges above are those aspects of health care that are closer to the patient. While recent initiatives have improved disease surveillance and other public-health planning, the health-care delivery system has seen fewer advances. In every epidemic, hospitals and clinics have the potential to serve as amplifiers for infection. The recent Ebola outbreak in Congo is a case in point: About 18 percent of those cases were thought to be a result of transmission within a health-care setting. In other words, patients were exposed to pathogens when they sought medical care.
【1. amplify-augment fire extinguisher annihilator-tryanny因暴政而灭亡
2 in point adv.相关的；恰当的；中肯的neutral irrelevant不重要的
3句意：其中约18%的病例可视为是（病原体）在同一卫生保健机构内传播的结果】
To anyone who has worked in low-resource settings, this is not a surprise. In many poor regions, personal-protective equipment (PPE), such as masks, gloves, and other clothing, is in short supply. Maintaining the levels of infection control that prevail in the United States and Europe requires training and support largely unavailable to health-care workers who are already overwhelmed by too many patients. 【Maintaining the levels of infection control （prevail in the United States and Europe） requires training and support（which are） largely unavailable to health-care workers who are already overwhelmed by too many patients.】During Ebola outbreaks, the same health-care workers, after a limited amount of instruction, are expected to put on and take off complicated masks and protective clothing without getting infected. As the scope of 2019-nCoV widens, these workers will have to compete with the rest of the world for supplies and try to use them in a consistent way across what will likely be a huge patient load. As one of my Ugandan physician colleagues remarked, “It also doesn’t help that it seems like every hospital portrayed in the media is taking care of coronavirus patients with different types of PPE. It’s leading to a lot of confusion about how these recommendations should be translated to resource-limited settings.”【句意：媒体报道中的各家医院似乎都在收治各种医疗物资自备程度不同的病患，这根本毫无帮助，还会导致许多困惑——这些报道让人们无法意识到前线物资紧缺的事实。】
Currently, there are no confirmed cases of 2019-nCoV in Africa, but multiple people suspected of infection, based on their travel history and symptoms, have been identified at the borders of a growing number of African countries. If the cases start to occur within the borders of these countries—and without obvious links to known sources of infection—properly diagnosing those infected will be extraordinarily difficult.
If the 2019-nCoV epidemic spreads around the world, rich countries may decide to test incoming travelers who display compatible symptoms. In poor communities, identifying those carrying the virus will be even harder. To test routinely for the large number of patients expected from the most pessimistic predictions about the 2019-nCoV epidemic, a herculean burden will need to be placed on national laboratories. Most important, a large-scale testing policy will require health-care workers to treat patients, collect all these individual samples, and ship them to central laboratories because no bedside rapid diagnostic tests are currently available for 2019-nCoV virus. In the face of competing needs from diseases with much higher mortality rates, how realistic is such a proposal?
【1. herculean adj.力大无比的；困难的；赫拉克勒斯的
2 bedside rapis diagnostic test临床快速诊断法 clinical】
The 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease may manifest profoundly differently in poor regions of the world. Currently, older patients and those with chronic ailments seem to get more severely ill from coronavirus and are at higher risk of death. In the developing world, 2019-nCoV could conceivably yield more severe disease and higher mortality rates because of underlying malnutrition and other concurrent infections (as we see with tuberculosis and influenza). These concerns are relevant in the United States too. A patient’s history of smoking could make novel coronavirus infection worse. The indoor and outdoor pollution to which many poor communities are exposed might have an effect, too. As scientific discovery moves forward, will rich countries spend the resources needed to answer the questions important to poor communities all around the world?
【1 respiratory repository
2 ailment n.小病；不安 acute disease/chronic disease
3 conceive of
4 malnutrition n.营养失调，营养不良
maltreat malicious-sly-cunning-crafty-wicked
5 concurrent infection并发症 compatible infection也有这个意思
6 tuberculosis（眼熟吗）n.肺结核；结核病 turbulence】
If a greater number of sicker patients require hospitalization for 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease, patients admitted with other conditions suffer as well, as space becomes scarce and health-care workers are pulled in all directions. Many hospitals operating in rich countries faced shortages of intensive-care beds during prior pandemics like H1N1 and SARS. They had to work together and improvise ways of caring for a large number of critically ill patients. Such planning will be even more crucial in low-resource areas.
【1.improvise VT/VI即兴创作；即兴表演；临时做；临时提供impulse-momentum
2 critically ill-be badly ill】
Nearly 90 previously unknown human pathogens have been discovered since 1980. Emergent diseases sometimes bring new attention and new resources; the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, for instance, recently made a major contribution to help tackle the novel coronavirus. Still, the central lessons of 2019-nCoV and Ebola are the same: Temporary support in the aftermath of an epidemic is not a substitute for much greater investment by the international community in health care in the most vulnerable countries all around the globe. The advent of 2019-nCoV should push us to look beyond specific diseases and toward how we can improve health care more generally—and contain the next pandemic before it starts.
【1 emergent-acute-critically ill
2 lesson经验教训】
【Temporary support is not a substitute for the international community’s much greater investment in health care in the most vulnerable countries all around the globe.句意：暂时的援助是完全比不上国际组织在世界各地困难国家的健康保健援助的。】
