从NSDictionary 取值的时候有两个方法,objectForKey: 和 valueForKey:,这两个方法具体有什么不同呢?
先从 NSDictionary 文档中来看这两个方法的定义:
objectForKey: returns the value associated with aKey, or nil if no value is associated with aKey. 返回指定 key 的 value,若没有这个 key 返回 nil.
valueForKey: returns the value associated with a given key. 同样是返回指定 key 的 value。
直观上看这两个方法好像没有什么区别,但文档里 valueForKey: 有额外一点:
If key does not start with “@”, invokes objectForKey:. If key does start with “@”, strips the “@” and invokes [super valueForKey:] with the rest of the key. via Discussion
一般来说 key 可以是任意字符串组合,如果 key 不是以 @ 符号开头,这时候 valueForKey: 等同于 objectForKey:,如果是以 @ 开头,去掉 key 里的 @ 然后用剩下部分作为 key 执行 [super valueForKey:]。
比如:
NSDictionary *dict = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObject:@"theValue" forKey:@"theKey"];
NSString *value1 = [dict objectForKey:@"theKey"];
NSString *value2 = [dict valueForKey:@"theKey"];
这时候 value1 和 value2 是一样的结果。如果是这样一个 dict:
NSDictionary *dict = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObject:@"theValue" forKey:@"@theKey"];// 注意这个 key 是以 @ 开头
NSString *value1 = [dict objectForKey:@"@theKey"];
NSString *value2 = [dict valueForKey:@"@theKey"];
value1 可以正确取值,但是 value2 取值会直接 crash 掉,报错信息:
Terminating app due to uncaught exception ‘NSUnknownKeyException’, reason:
‘[<__NSCFDictionary 0x892fd80> valueForUndefinedKey:]:this class is not key value coding-compliant for the key theKey.’
这是因为 valueForKey: 是 KVC(NSKeyValueCoding) 的方法,在 KVC 里可以通过 property 同名字符串来获取对应的值。比如:
@interface Person : NSObject
@property (nonatomic, retain) NSString *name;
@end
Person *person = [[Person alloc] init];
person.name = @"John Lee";
NSLog(@"name:%@", [person name]);
//name:John Lee
NSLog(@"name:%@", [person valueForKey:@"name"]);
//name:John Lee
[person release];