我们知道范畴词在汉译英的时候经常省译，今天“高斋CATTI”带大家看看有哪些高频范畴词省译。
2019年6月CATTI二笔真题汉译英中有这么一句话：新中国成立70年以来，中国人权事业取得了巨大成就。
其中的“人权事业”该如何翻译呢？这里的“事业”需要省译吗？
“人权事业”该如何翻译？
我们先来看看政府报告里面是怎么翻译的吧：
A.“人权事业”翻译为the cause of human rights，如中国人权事业发展进步白皮书例句：
中国宪法以其最高的法律地位，有力保障了人民当家作主，推动了中国人权事业发展。
As the supreme law, the Constitution of China effectively ensures that the people are masters of the country, and has promoted the cause of human rightsin China.
40年来，中国致力于构建人类命运共同体，为推动世界人权事业发展不断作出新贡献。
Over the four decades, China has worked hard for the building of a global community of shared future, and made a consistent contribution tothe international cause of human rights.
B. 省译“事业”，只翻译人权，就是human rights，注意是rights，如白皮书例句：
中国的减贫成就是中国人权事业发展的最显著标志。
Poverty reduction is the most telling evidence of China's progress in human rights.
C. 也可以说human rights protection，指在保护人权方面取得了巨大成就，如Chinadaily例句：
China's Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region has attached great importance to the protection of minority rights and has maderemarkable achievements insocial development andhuman rights protection, a Chinese expert said here Tuesday.
D. 还可以说human rights promotion，如新华社英文网站例句：
Interview: China has made greatachievements in human rights promotionover past 70 years, diplomat says.
所以“新中国成立70年以来，中国人权事业取得了巨大成就”可以翻译为：
In the 70 years since its founding, the PRC has made unprecedented achievements inhuman rights/human rights protection/human rights promotion.
In the past/last 70 years since its founding, the PRC has made unprecedented/great/remarkable achievements in the cause of human rights.
思考题
思考1：这里的“the PRC”可以换为China吗？如果可以，its founding是不是要改为the founding of the PRC？
思考2：还有这句话可以换为In the past 70 years since the founding of the PRC, we have made unprecedented achievements in the cause of human rights吗？
范畴词的省译
“人权事业”翻译出来，是为了强调这是一个cause，但是省译“事业”是因为“事业”是一个范畴词，没有实际的含义。
报告中还有许多类似的范畴词，在翻译时也可以省译，我们一起来看看常见范畴词的省译：
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一、省译范畴词“进程”。
比如CATTI冲刺中我们讲过这句：
我们要加快保险行业开放进程，放宽外资金融机构设立限制，扩大外资金融机构在华业务范围，拓宽中外金融市场合作领域。
We will accelerate the opening-up of the insurance industry, ease restrictions on the establishment of foreign financial institutions in China and expand their business scope, and open up more areas of cooperation between Chinese and foreign financial markets.
“加快保险行业开放进程”中的“进程”是范畴词，可省译，因为accelerate已经包含了进程。直接译为accelerate the opening-up of the insurance industry。
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二、省译范畴词“现象”。
比如高斋整理100个政府报告易错解析中例句：
国际社会日益成为你中有我、我中有你的命运共同体，但国际关系中不公正不平等现象仍很突出。
Countries are closely linked and are increasingly becoming a community with a shared future. Yet, the lack of equality and justiceis still prominent in international relations.
“不公正不平等现象”的“现象”是范畴词，要省译，不能说inequality and injustice phenomenon，最常见的就是injustice and inequality，也可以是the lack of equality and justice。
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三、省译范畴词“维度”。
比如CATTI冲刺班我们讲过的“从现实维度看”翻译为In terms of reality.
“现实维度”中的“维度”是范畴词，可以不译；所以“从现实维度看”的意思是“就现实而言”，翻译为in terms of reality。
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四、省译范畴词“方面”。
如十九大报告例句：
城乡区域发展和收入分配差距依然较大，群众在就业、教育、医疗、居住、养老等方面面临不少难题。
There are still large disparities in development between rural and urban areas, between regions, and in income distribution; and our people face many difficulties in employment, education, healthcare, housing, and elderly care.
“就业、教育、医疗、居住、养老”本身指的就是各个方面，原文的“方面”可以当作范畴词不翻译。
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五、省译范畴词“局面”。
如白皮书例句：
另一方面，公众基于社会责任感和对政府的信任感，积极投入到对疫情的全民抗击之中，形成“万众一心、众志成城”的“人民战争”局面。
On the other hand, with a strong sense of social responsibility and trust in the government, people actively participated in the nationwide fight against the virus: a"people's war" powered by a united will.
“万众一心、众志成城”的“人民战争”局面的“局面”属于范畴词，a "people's war"本身就是比喻抵抗疫情的局面，不要翻译为a "people's war"situation。
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六、省译范畴词“水平”。
比如白皮书例句：
不仅成功解决了近14亿人口的吃饭问题，而且居民生活质量和营养水平显著提升，粮食安全取得了举世瞩目的巨大成就。
China now has enough food to feed its nearly 1.4 billion people, and has remarkably improved the people's nutritionand life quality.
“营养水平”直接说nutrition就可以，“水平”可以当范畴词不翻译
汉译英的时候会遇到很多范畴词，上面的“进程”、“现象”、“维度”、“方面”、“较量”、“局面”、“水平”是比较常见的，还有一些其他的范畴词省译大家在翻译的过程中慢慢总结，慢慢积累。
