Logstash介绍
Logstash是一个开源数据收集引擎，具有实时管道功能。Logstash可以动态地将来自不同数据源的数据统一起来，并将数据标准化到你所选择的目的地。
作为ELK中的L，之前采用的是EFK，其中F是Filebeat，比Logstash更加轻量，但是Logstash也有丰富的过滤功能，为此变成Filebeat->Logstash->Elasticsearch->kibana
服务器安装的版本
- Filebeat为filebeat-7.5.0-linux-x86_64
- Logstash为logstash-7.5.0
- elasticsearch-7.3.0 (正常需要保持同一版本吧)
- kibana-7.3.0-linux-x86_64 (正常需要保持同一版本吧)
1.安装Logstash
官网下载
$ wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/logstash/logstash-7.5.0.tar.gz
解压下载的文件到当前目录
$ tar -zxvf logstash-7.5.0.tar.gz
启动 Logstash
- 在config目录下放入.conf配置文件
$ vi config/rule.conf
input { stdin { } } output { stdout {} }
- 启动
$ bin/logstash -f config/rule.conf
如果正常启动，日志不会报错，同时可以查看进程是否存活。
- 使用-t参数验证规则文件是否配置有问题
$ bin/logstash -t -f config/rule.conf
2.安装Logstash插件
2.1查看可用插件
$ bin/logstash-plugin list
2.2从 https://github.com/logstash-plugins/ 安装新插件
$ bin/logstash-plugin install logstash-filter-json
2.3安装成功
Validating logstash-filter-json
Installing logstash-filter-json
Installation successful
3.配置日志规则
在logstash中，包括了三个阶段:
输入input --> 处理filter（不是必须的） --> 输出output
3.1 input 配置节
input {
beats {
port => 9600
}
}
配置启动端口为9600
3.2 output 配置节
output {
elasticsearch {
hosts => ["http://10.10.10.10:9201"]
index => "%{[@metadata][beat]}-%{[@metadata][version]}-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
#user => "elastic"
#password => "changeme"
}
stdout {
codec => rubydebug
}
}
- 上面是以输出数据到搜索引擎elasticsearch为例
- codec => rubydebug 是配合调试使用，在启动命令后面增加
--verbose --debug，这样直接在前台启动,便可以看到日志输出到终端
3.3 filter配置节
input进来的数据匹配规则进行丢弃
如下例子为过滤删除指定字段RetryJob
drop {
remove_field => [ "RetryJob" ]
}
grok过滤说明
Grok 是 Logstash 最重要的插件。你可以在 grok 里预定义好命名正则表达式，在稍后(grok参数或者其他正则表达式里)引用它。
grok表达式的打印复制格式的完整语法是下面这样的：
%{PATTERN_NAME:capture_name:data_type}
grok-patterns内置的正则表达式
USERNAME [a-zA-Z0-9._-]+
USER %{USERNAME}
EMAILLOCALPART [a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_.+-=:]+
EMAILADDRESS %{EMAILLOCALPART}@%{HOSTNAME}
HTTPDUSER %{EMAILADDRESS}|%{USER}
INT (?:[+-]?(?:[0-9]+))
BASE10NUM (?<![0-9.+-])(?>[+-]?(?:(?:[0-9]+(?:\.[0-9]+)?)|(?:\.[0-9]+)))
NUMBER (?:%{BASE10NUM})
BASE16NUM (?<![0-9A-Fa-f])(?:[+-]?(?:0x)?(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]+))
BASE16FLOAT \b(?<![0-9A-Fa-f.])(?:[+-]?(?:0x)?(?:(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]+(?:\.[0-9A-Fa-f]*)?)|(?:\.[0-9A-Fa-f]+)))\b
POSINT \b(?:[1-9][0-9]*)\b
NONNEGINT \b(?:[0-9]+)\b
WORD \b\w+\b
NOTSPACE \S+
SPACE \s*
DATA .*?
GREEDYDATA .*
QUOTEDSTRING (?>(?<!\\)(?>"(?>\\.|[^\\"]+)+"|""|(?>'(?>\\.|[^\\']+)+')|''|(?>`(?>\\.|[^\\`]+)+`)|``))
UUID [A-Fa-f0-9]{8}-(?:[A-Fa-f0-9]{4}-){3}[A-Fa-f0-9]{12}
# Networking
MAC (?:%{CISCOMAC}|%{WINDOWSMAC}|%{COMMONMAC})
CISCOMAC (?:(?:[A-Fa-f0-9]{4}\.){2}[A-Fa-f0-9]{4})
WINDOWSMAC (?:(?:[A-Fa-f0-9]{2}-){5}[A-Fa-f0-9]{2})
COMMONMAC (?:(?:[A-Fa-f0-9]{2}:){5}[A-Fa-f0-9]{2})
IPV6 ((([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){7}([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){6}(:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}|((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3})|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){5}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,2})|:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3})|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){4}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,3})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4})?:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){3}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,4})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,2}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){2}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,5})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,3}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){1}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,6})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,4}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(:(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,7})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,5}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:)))(%.+)?
IPV4 (?<![0-9])(?:(?:[0-1]?[0-9]{1,2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])[.](?:[0-1]?[0-9]{1,2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])[.](?:[0-1]?[0-9]{1,2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])[.](?:[0-1]?[0-9]{1,2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5]))(?![0-9])
IP (?:%{IPV6}|%{IPV4})
HOSTNAME \b(?:[0-9A-Za-z][0-9A-Za-z-]{0,62})(?:\.(?:[0-9A-Za-z][0-9A-Za-z-]{0,62}))*(\.?|\b)
IPORHOST (?:%{IP}|%{HOSTNAME})
HOSTPORT %{IPORHOST}:%{POSINT}
# paths
PATH (?:%{UNIXPATH}|%{WINPATH})
UNIXPATH (/([\w_%!$@:.,~-]+|\\.)*)+
TTY (?:/dev/(pts|tty([pq])?)(\w+)?/?(?:[0-9]+))
WINPATH (?>[A-Za-z]+:|\\)(?:\\[^\\?*]*)+
URIPROTO [A-Za-z]+(\+[A-Za-z+]+)?
URIHOST %{IPORHOST}(?::%{POSINT:port})?
# uripath comes loosely from RFC1738, but mostly from what Firefox
# doesn't turn into %XX
URIPATH (?:/[A-Za-z0-9$.+!*'(){},~:;=@#%_\-]*)+
#URIPARAM \?(?:[A-Za-z0-9]+(?:=(?:[^&]*))?(?:&(?:[A-Za-z0-9]+(?:=(?:[^&]*))?)?)*)?
URIPARAM \?[A-Za-z0-9$.+!*'|(){},~@#%&/=:;_?\-\[\]<>]*
URIPATHPARAM %{URIPATH}(?:%{URIPARAM})?
URI %{URIPROTO}://(?:%{USER}(?::[^@]*)?@)?(?:%{URIHOST})?(?:%{URIPATHPARAM})?
# Months: January, Feb, 3, 03, 12, December
MONTH \b(?:Jan(?:uary|uar)?|Feb(?:ruary|ruar)?|M(?:a|)?r(?:ch|z)?|Apr(?:il)?|Ma(?:y|i)?|Jun(?:e|i)?|Jul(?:y)?|Aug(?:ust)?|Sep(?:tember)?|O(?:c|k)?t(?:ober)?|Nov(?:ember)?|De(?:c|z)(?:ember)?)\b
MONTHNUM (?:0?[1-9]|1[0-2])
MONTHNUM2 (?:0[1-9]|1[0-2])
MONTHDAY (?:(?:0[1-9])|(?:[12][0-9])|(?:3[01])|[1-9])
# Days: Monday, Tue, Thu, etc...
DAY (?:Mon(?:day)?|Tue(?:sday)?|Wed(?:nesday)?|Thu(?:rsday)?|Fri(?:day)?|Sat(?:urday)?|Sun(?:day)?)
# Years?
YEAR (?>\d\d){1,2}
HOUR (?:2[0123]|[01]?[0-9])
MINUTE (?:[0-5][0-9])
# '60' is a leap second in most time standards and thus is valid.
SECOND (?:(?:[0-5]?[0-9]|60)(?:[:.,][0-9]+)?)
TIME (?!<[0-9])%{HOUR}:%{MINUTE}(?::%{SECOND})(?![0-9])
# datestamp is YYYY/MM/DD-HH:MM:SS.UUUU (or something like it)
DATE_US %{MONTHNUM}[/-]%{MONTHDAY}[/-]%{YEAR}
DATE_EU %{MONTHDAY}[./-]%{MONTHNUM}[./-]%{YEAR}
ISO8601_TIMEZONE (?:Z|[+-]%{HOUR}(?::?%{MINUTE}))
ISO8601_SECOND (?:%{SECOND}|60)
TIMESTAMP_ISO8601 %{YEAR}-%{MONTHNUM}-%{MONTHDAY}[T ]%{HOUR}:?%{MINUTE}(?::?%{SECOND})?%{ISO8601_TIMEZONE}?
DATE %{DATE_US}|%{DATE_EU}
DATESTAMP %{DATE}[- ]%{TIME}
TZ (?:[PMCE][SD]T|UTC)
DATESTAMP_RFC822 %{DAY} %{MONTH} %{MONTHDAY} %{YEAR} %{TIME} %{TZ}
DATESTAMP_RFC2822 %{DAY}, %{MONTHDAY} %{MONTH} %{YEAR} %{TIME} %{ISO8601_TIMEZONE}
DATESTAMP_OTHER %{DAY} %{MONTH} %{MONTHDAY} %{TIME} %{TZ} %{YEAR}
DATESTAMP_EVENTLOG %{YEAR}%{MONTHNUM2}%{MONTHDAY}%{HOUR}%{MINUTE}%{SECOND}
HTTPDERROR_DATE %{DAY} %{MONTH} %{MONTHDAY} %{TIME} %{YEAR}
# Syslog Dates: Month Day HH:MM:SS
SYSLOGTIMESTAMP %{MONTH} +%{MONTHDAY} %{TIME}
PROG [\x21-\x5a\x5c\x5e-\x7e]+
SYSLOGPROG %{PROG:program}(?:\[%{POSINT:pid}\])?
SYSLOGHOST %{IPORHOST}
SYSLOGFACILITY <%{NONNEGINT:facility}.%{NONNEGINT:priority}>
HTTPDATE %{MONTHDAY}/%{MONTH}/%{YEAR}:%{TIME} %{INT}
# Shortcuts
QS %{QUOTEDSTRING}
# Log formats
SYSLOGBASE %{SYSLOGTIMESTAMP:timestamp} (?:%{SYSLOGFACILITY} )?%{SYSLOGHOST:logsource} %{SYSLOGPROG}:
COMMONAPACHELOG %{IPORHOST:clientip} %{HTTPDUSER:ident} %{USER:auth} \[%{HTTPDATE:timestamp}\] "(?:%{WORD:verb} %{NOTSPACE:request}(?: HTTP/%{NUMBER:httpversion})?|%{DATA:rawrequest})" %{NUMBER:response} (?:%{NUMBER:bytes}|-)
COMBINEDAPACHELOG %{COMMONAPACHELOG} %{QS:referrer} %{QS:agent}
HTTPD20_ERRORLOG \[%{HTTPDERROR_DATE:timestamp}\] \[%{LOGLEVEL:loglevel}\] (?:\[client %{IPORHOST:clientip}\] ){0,1}%{GREEDYDATA:errormsg}
HTTPD24_ERRORLOG \[%{HTTPDERROR_DATE:timestamp}\] \[%{WORD:module}:%{LOGLEVEL:loglevel}\] \[pid %{POSINT:pid}:tid %{NUMBER:tid}\]( \(%{POSINT:proxy_errorcode}\)%{DATA:proxy_errormessage}:)?( \[client %{IPORHOST:client}:%{POSINT:clientport}\])? %{DATA:errorcode}: %{GREEDYDATA:message}
HTTPD_ERRORLOG %{HTTPD20_ERRORLOG}|%{HTTPD24_ERRORLOG}
# Log Levels
LOGLEVEL ([Aa]lert|ALERT|[Tt]race|TRACE|[Dd]ebug|DEBUG|[Nn]otice|NOTICE|[Ii]nfo|INFO|[Ww]arn?(?:ing)?|WARN?(?:ING)?|[Ee]rr?(?:or)?|ERR?(?:OR)?|[Cc]rit?(?:ical)?|CRIT?(?:ICAL)?|[Ff]atal|FATAL|[Ss]evere|SEVERE|EMERG(?:ENCY)?|[Ee]merg(?:ency)?)
grok正则表达式调试
那问题来了，写了正则表达式，如何调试呢？
可以在kibana网页中的dev tools里grok Debugger进行调试
如下例子，在页面中需填写内容：
- 页面文本框
Sample Data（写入需要解析的日志）
2019-12-11 11:04:45 032 orderCallbackJob_Worker-1 INFO com.asiainfo.openability.manager.product.SalesOrderManager.listUnprocessedSalesOrderItem:80 - {"bodyMap":{"params":"{\"triggerTime\":1576033485026,\"batchSize\":10}","size":0},"endTime":"2019-12-11 11:04:45.032","method":"listUnprocessedSalesOrderItem","module":"com.asiainfo.openability.manager.product.SalesOrderManager","result":"fail","startTime":"2019-12-11 11:04:45.031"}
- 页面文本框
Grok Pattern（写入正则表达式）
%{TIMESTAMP_ISO8601:timestamp} %{WORD} %{NOTSPACE} %{LOGLEVEL:loglevel} %{NOTSPACE} - %{GREEDYDATA:content}
- 页面文本框
Structured Data（调试后得出的结果）
{
"content": "{\"bodyMap\":{\"params\":\"{\\\"triggerTime\\\":1576033485026,\\\"batchSize\\\":10}\",\"size\":0},\"endTime\":\"2019-12-11 11:04:45.032\",\"method\":\"listUnprocessedSalesOrderItem\",\"module\":\"com.asiainfo.openability.manager.product.SalesOrderManager\",\"result\":\"fail\",\"startTime\":\"2019-12-11 11:04:45.031\"}",
"loglevel": "INFO",
"timestamp": "2019-12-11 11:04:45"
}
grok格式问题
match => { "message" => "%{TIMESTAMP_ISO8601:timestamp} %{WORD} %{NOTSPACE} %{LOGLEVEL:loglevel} %{NOTSPACE} - %{GREEDYDATA:temMsg}"}
match => ["message","%{TIMESTAMP_ISO8601:timestamp} %{WORD} %{NOTSPACE} %{LOGLEVEL:loglevel} %{NOTSPACE} - %{GREEDYDATA:temMsg}"]
注意：可以这两种格式，{} 和 => 搭配，[] 和 , 搭配
3.4 例子
$ cat config/test.conf
# Sample Logstash configuration for creating a simple
# Beats -> Logstash -> Elasticsearch pipeline.
input {
beats {
port => 9600
}
}
filter {
grok{
match => { "message" => "%{TIMESTAMP_ISO8601:timestamp} %{WORD} %{NOTSPACE} %{LOGLEVEL:loglevel} %{NOTSPACE} - %{GREEDYDATA:content}"}
}
mutate {
rename => {"content" => "message"}
}
}
output {
elasticsearch {
hosts => ["http://10.10.10.10:9201"]
index => "%{[@metadata][beat]}-%{[@metadata][version]}-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
#user => "elastic"
#password => "changeme"
}
stdout {
codec => rubydebug
}
}
