前言
一.单向认证
Https在建立Socket连接之前，需要进行握手。
1.客户端向服务端发送SSL协议版本号、加密算法种类、随机数等信息。
2.服务端给客户端返回SSL协议版本号、加密算法种类、随机数等信息，同时也返回服务器端的证书，即公钥证书
3.客户端使用服务端返回的信息验证服务器的合法性，包括：
证书是否过期
发型服务器证书的CA是否可靠
返回的公钥是否能正确解开返回证书中的数字签名
服务器证书上的域名是否和服务器的实际域名相匹配
验证通过后，将继续进行通信，否则，终止通信4.客户端向服务端发送自己所能支持的对称加密方案，供服务器端进行选择
5.服务器端在客户端提供的加密方案中选择加密程度最高的加密方式。
6.服务器将选择好的加密方案通过明文方式返回给客户端
7.客户端接收到服务端返回的加密方式后，使用该加密方式生成产生随机码，用作通信过程中对称加密的密钥，使用服务端返回的公钥进行加密，将加密后的随机码发送至服务器
8.服务器收到客户端返回的加密信息后，使用自己的私钥进行解密，获取对称加密密钥。
9.在接下来的会话中，服务器和客户端将会使用该密码进行对称加密，保证通信过程中信息的安全。
二.双向认证
双向认证和单向认证原理基本差不多，只是除了客户端需要认证服务端以外，增加了服务端对客户端的认证。
下面以一个简单的例子说明：点此下载Demo
温馨提示:
证书需要提前准备好分别是.cer的 和 .p12 的，别的就很简单了。
示例代码如下：
在UIAHttps.h中
//
// UIAHttps.h
// UIADemo
//
// Created by zhangchao on 16/12/13.
// Copyright © 2016年 王龙. All rights reserved.
//
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN
@interface UIAHttps : NSObject
+ (UIAHttps *)shared;
- (void)POST:(NSString *)urlString
Dictionary:(NSDictionary *)dic
progress:(nullable void (^)(NSProgress *uploadProgress))uploadProgress
success:(nullable void (^)(NSURLSessionDataTask *task, id _Nullable responseObject))success
failure:(nullable void (^)(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nullable task, NSError *error))failure;
@end
NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END
在UIAHttps.m中
//
// UIAHttps.m
// UIADemo
//
// Created by zhangchao on 16/12/13.
// Copyright © 2016年 王龙. All rights reserved.
//
#import "UIAHttps.h"
#import <AFNetworking.h>
@implementation UIAHttps
static UIAHttps *https = nil;
+ (UIAHttps *)shared {
static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
if(https == nil) {
https = [[UIAHttps alloc] init];
}
});
return https;
}
- (void)POST:(NSString *)urlString
Dictionary:(NSDictionary *)dic
progress:(void (^)(NSProgress * _Nonnull))uploadProgress
success:(void (^)(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nonnull, id _Nullable))success
failure:(void (^)(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nullable, NSError * _Nonnull))failure
{
AFHTTPSessionManager *manager = [AFHTTPSessionManager manager];
// 设置超时时间
[manager.requestSerializer willChangeValueForKey:@"timeoutInterval"];
manager.requestSerializer.timeoutInterval = 30.f;
[manager.requestSerializer didChangeValueForKey:@"timeoutInterval"];
[manager.requestSerializer setValue:@"Content-Type" forHTTPHeaderField:@"application/json; charset=utf-8"];
[manager setSecurityPolicy:[self customSecurityPolicy]];
[self checkCredential:manager];
NSData *data = [NSJSONSerialization dataWithJSONObject:dic options:NSJSONWritingPrettyPrinted error:nil];
NSString *jsonString = [[NSString alloc]initWithData:data encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
[manager POST:urlString parameters:jsonString progress:uploadProgress success:success failure:failure];
}
- (AFSecurityPolicy*)customSecurityPolicy {
AFSecurityPolicy *securityPolicy = [AFSecurityPolicy policyWithPinningMode:AFSSLPinningModeCertificate];
//tomcat1(1)
NSString * cerPath = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"server" ofType:@"cer"];
NSData *certData = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:cerPath];
NSSet *dataSet = [NSSet setWithArray:@[certData]];
[securityPolicy setAllowInvalidCertificates:YES];
[securityPolicy setPinnedCertificates:dataSet];
[securityPolicy setValidatesDomainName:YES];
return securityPolicy;
}
//校验证书
- (void)checkCredential:(AFURLSessionManager *)manager
{
[manager setSessionDidBecomeInvalidBlock:^(NSURLSession * _Nonnull session, NSError * _Nonnull error) {
}];
__weak typeof(manager)weakManager = manager;
[manager setSessionDidReceiveAuthenticationChallengeBlock:^NSURLSessionAuthChallengeDisposition(NSURLSession*session, NSURLAuthenticationChallenge *challenge, NSURLCredential *__autoreleasing*_credential) {
NSURLSessionAuthChallengeDisposition disposition = NSURLSessionAuthChallengePerformDefaultHandling;
__autoreleasing NSURLCredential *credential =nil;
NSLog(@"authenticationMethod=%@",challenge.protectionSpace.authenticationMethod);
//判断是核验客户端证书还是服务器证书
if([challenge.protectionSpace.authenticationMethod isEqualToString:NSURLAuthenticationMethodServerTrust]) {
// 基于客户端的安全策略来决定是否信任该服务器，不信任的话，也就没必要响应挑战
if([weakManager.securityPolicy evaluateServerTrust:challenge.protectionSpace.serverTrust forDomain:challenge.protectionSpace.host]) {
// 创建挑战证书（注：挑战方式为UseCredential和PerformDefaultHandling都需要新建挑战证书）
NSLog(@"serverTrust=%@",challenge.protectionSpace.serverTrust);
credential = [NSURLCredential credentialForTrust:challenge.protectionSpace.serverTrust];
// 确定挑战的方式
if (credential) {
//证书挑战 设计policy,none，则跑到这里
disposition = NSURLSessionAuthChallengeUseCredential;
} else {
disposition = NSURLSessionAuthChallengePerformDefaultHandling;
}
} else {
disposition = NSURLSessionAuthChallengeCancelAuthenticationChallenge;
}
} else {
// client authentication
SecIdentityRef identity = NULL;
SecTrustRef trust = NULL;
NSString *p12 = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"app"ofType:@"p12"];
NSFileManager *fileManager =[NSFileManager defaultManager];
if(![fileManager fileExistsAtPath:p12])
{
NSLog(@"client.p12:not exist");
}
else
{
NSData *PKCS12Data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:p12];
if ([self extractIdentity:&identity andTrust:&trust fromPKCS12Data:PKCS12Data])
{
SecCertificateRef certificate = NULL;
SecIdentityCopyCertificate(identity, &certificate);
const void*certs[] = {certificate};
CFArrayRef certArray =CFArrayCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault, certs,1,NULL);
credential =[NSURLCredential credentialWithIdentity:identity certificates:(__bridge NSArray*)certArray persistence:NSURLCredentialPersistencePermanent];
disposition =NSURLSessionAuthChallengeUseCredential;
}
}
}
*_credential = credential;
return disposition;
}];
}
//读取p12文件中的密码
- (BOOL)extractIdentity:(SecIdentityRef*)outIdentity andTrust:(SecTrustRef *)outTrust fromPKCS12Data:(NSData *)inPKCS12Data {
OSStatus securityError = errSecSuccess;
//client certificate password
NSDictionary *optionsDictionary = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObject:@"123456"
forKey:(__bridge id)kSecImportExportPassphrase];
CFArrayRef items = CFArrayCreate(NULL, 0, 0, NULL);
securityError = SecPKCS12Import((__bridge CFDataRef)inPKCS12Data,(__bridge CFDictionaryRef)optionsDictionary,&items);
if(securityError == 0) {
CFDictionaryRef myIdentityAndTrust =CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(items,0);
const void*tempIdentity =NULL;
tempIdentity= CFDictionaryGetValue (myIdentityAndTrust,kSecImportItemIdentity);
*outIdentity = (SecIdentityRef)tempIdentity;
const void*tempTrust =NULL;
tempTrust = CFDictionaryGetValue(myIdentityAndTrust,kSecImportItemTrust);
*outTrust = (SecTrustRef)tempTrust;
} else {
NSLog(@"Failedwith error code %d",(int)securityError);
return NO;
}
return YES;
}
@end
在viewController.m中即可调用
//
// ViewController.m
// HttpsDemo
//
// Created by 王龙 on 16/12/15.
// Copyright © 2016年 王龙. All rights reserved.
//
#import "ViewController.h"
#import "UIAHttps.h"
@interface ViewController ()
@end
@implementation ViewController
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
NSDictionary *dic = @{
@"cardno":@"411321199311083311",
@"mobile":@"15726618328",
@"msgtype":@"0002",
@"name":@"小张",
@"password":@"FCE98C9B0907B94978AF97358F9FA442",
@"signature":@"B1E0507EA0C356719E0D5F900AAB9B0D85D3C62F2881C89777A0F7894C57DE5FB1C6B4D87E452D0053A9B0C69F87F4FA91B7B6ECE3ABAE816CF7EEADBBE5722C8F1BB01406C61073D9941E985CED39B01E95D141D3E81FBD285A410E52806601B9C0C8D470932FD71CA3C660CCEF14C57DCF089B877B7213B5DF2D7BA18488BA5B3743",
@"username":@"1001100112"
};
//此字典格式为我们公司 服务器需要的格式，只需按照自己的需求改动即可
[[UIAHttps shared]POST:@"https://172.16.40.71:15025" Dictionary:dic progress:^(NSProgress * _Nonnull uploadProgress) {
} success:^(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nonnull task, id _Nullable responseObject) {
NSLog(@"发送成功");
} failure:^(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nullable task, NSError * _Nonnull error) {
NSLog(@"发送失败");
}];
}
- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning {
[super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
// Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
}
@end