用git diff HEAD -- readme.txt命令可以查看工作区（learn-git，为最新修改的文件）和版本库(repository，内为commit的文件)里面最新版本的区别：
$ git diff HEAD -- readme.txt
diff --git a/readme.txt b/readme.txt
index 76d770f..a9c5755 100644
--- a/readme.txt
+++ b/readme.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
Git is a distributed version control system.
Git is free software distributed under the GPL.
Git has a mutable index called stage.
-Git tracks changes.
+Git tracks changes of files.
