原题
LintCode 473. Add and Search Word
Description
Design a data structure that supports the following two operations: addWord(word) and search(word)
search(word) can search a literal word or a regular expression string containing only letters a-z or ..
A . means it can represent any one letter.
Notice
You may assume that all words are consist of lowercase letters a-z.
Example
addWord("bad")
addWord("dad")
addWord("mad")
search("pad") // return false
search("bad") // return true
search(".ad") // return true
search("b..") // return true
解题
利用Trie,即字典树解决。字典树中的每个节点有26个子节点,代表接下来的26个字母所在的节点,另外每个节点还有一个变量isWord
来表示该节点是不是一个单词的结尾。
插入过程:对于单词中的每个字母,从根节点出发,如果这个字母所对应的子节点不存在,则生成它。然后在该子节点上对下一个字母继续上述过程。直到所有的字母都被处理,此时在最后一个字母所对应的节点上,设置isWord
为true
搜索过程:不考虑通配符的情况下,只需要从根节点开始遍历字母所在的子节点:
- 如果某个字母对应的节点不存在,说明这个这个单词在树中不存在,返回false
- 如果所有字母的节点都存在,但是最后一个字母的节点
isWord
不为true
,说明以当前单词为前缀的单词存在,但是并不是这个单词本身,返回false - 如果租后一个字母的节点
isWord
为true
,则返回true
考虑通配符的情况,需要对上述过程进行简单修改。如果找到某个字母是通配符.
,那么遍历当前所在节点的所有存在的子节点。
代码
struct TrieNode {
bool isKey = false;
TrieNode* child[26];
};
class WordDictionary {
public:
/*
* @param word: Adds a word into the data structure.
* @return: nothing
*/
void addWord(string &word) {
// write your code here
TrieNode *current = root;
for (auto c : word) {
int index = c - 'a';
if (current->child[index] == nullptr) {
current->child[index] = new TrieNode();
}
current = current->child[index];
}
current->isKey = true;
}
/*
* @param word: A word could contain the dot character '.' to represent any one letter.
* @return: if the word is in the data structure.
*/
bool search(string &word) {
// write your code here
return helper(word, root);
}
private:
TrieNode *root = new TrieNode();
bool helper(string word, TrieNode *r) {
if (word.size() == 0) return r->isKey;
string sub = word.substr(1);
if (word.front() == '.') {
for (TrieNode* node : r->child) {
if (node && helper(sub, node)) return true;
}
return false;
} else {
int index = word.front() - 'a';
return r->child[index] && helper(sub, r->child[index]);
}
}
};
// Your WordDictionary object will be instantiated and called as such:
// WordDictionary wordDictionary;
// wordDictionary.addWord("word");
// wordDictionary.search("pattern");