Java Tutorial: Extending a Class that has Explicit Constructors
In the following code, why it doesn't compile, but does when B() is defined?
class B {
int x;
//B () {x=300;}
B (int n) {x=n;}
int returnMe () {return x;}
}
class C extends B {
}
public class Inh3 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
}
}
(answer below.)
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Solution
the answer to the constructor mystery is that, if one provides any constructor, one must define all constructors.
「如果一个人提供了任意一个构造器，他就应该定义所有的构造器。」
Peter Molettiere on Apple's Java forum gave excellent answers:
Because there is no default constructor available in B, as the compiler error message indicates. Once you define a constructor in a class, the default constructor is** not included.** If you define any constructor, then you must define all constructors.
如果你写了一个构造器，那默认构造器就不会自动生成了。所以子类默认构造器在调用父类默认构造器的时候会找不到。
When you try to instantiate C, it has to call super() in order to initialize its super class. You don't have a super(), you only have a super(int n), so C can not be defined with the default constructor C() { super(); }. Either define a no-arg constructor in B, or call super(n) as the first statement in your constructors in C.
So, the following would work:
class B {
int x;
B() { } // a constructor
B( int n ) { x = n; } // a constructor
int returnMe() { return x; }
}
class C extends B {
}
or this:
class B {
int x;
B( int n ) { x = n; } // a constructor
int returnMe() { return x; }
}
class C extends B {
C () { super(0); } // a constructor
C (int n) { super(n); } // a constructor
}
If you want to make sure that x is set in the constructor, then the second solution is preferable.
