(1)JavaScript语句组成的:
Values, Operators, Expressions, Keywords, and Comments.
值,运算符,表达式,关键字和注释。
值:
JavaScript的值>JavaScript的语法定义了两种类型的值:固定值和变量值。
固定值称为文字。变量值被称为变量。
备注:编程中,变量命名有三种:Hyphns、underscore、CamelCase
在编程语言中,特别是在JavaScript中,命名通常始于一个小写字母:
eg: firstName, lastName, masterCard, interCity.
变量命名:连字符(Hyphens)是不允许在JavaScript。这是减法。
(2)JavaScript使用Unicode字符集。
(3)关键字:
Keyword Description
break Terminates a switch or a loop
continue Jumps out of a loop and starts at the top
debugger Stops the execution of JavaScript, and calls (if available) the debugging function
do ... while Executes a block of statements, and repeats the block, while a condition is true
for Marks a block of statements to be executed, as long as a condition is true
function Declares a function
if ... else Marks a block of statements to be executed, depending on a condition
return Exits a function
switch Marks a block of statements to be executed, depending on different cases
try ... catch Implements error handling to a block of statements
var Declares a variable
(4)注释:
单行注释://
多行注释:/*...*/
(5) JavaScript的数据类型
var length = 16; // 数字
var lastName = "Johnson"; // 字符串
var cars = ["Saab", "Volvo", "BMW"]; // 数组
var x = {firstName:"John", lastName:"Doe"}; // 对象
JavaScript 有动态数据类型
var X ;
var X=5 ;
var X ="Jin";
一个字符串(或一个文本字符串)是一系列的字符,如“美国能源部”。字符串是用引号写的。可以使用单引号或双引号:
var carName = "Volvo XC60"; // 双引号
var carName = 'Volvo XC60'; // 单引号
在字符串中使用引号,只要不匹配字符串周围的引号:
var answer = "It's alright"; // 单引号在双引号的里面
var answer = "He is called 'Johnny'"; // 单引号在双引号的里面
var answer = 'He is called "Johnny"'; // 双引号在单引号的里面
JavaScript Booleans
true false
JavaScript 对象
var person = {firstName:"John", lastName:"Doe", age:50, eyeColor:"blue"};
JavaScript typeof
typeof "John" // 返回字符串
typeof 3.14 // 返回数字
typeof false // 返回 boolean
typeof [1,2,3,4] // 返回 object
typeof {name:'John', age:34} // 返回 object
区别 Undefined and Null
typeof undefined // undefined
typeof null // object
null === undefined // false
null == undefined // true
(6)Function
允许 a function 无()的访问函数将返回函数定义:
eg:
function toCelsius(fahrenheit) {
return (5/9) * (fahrenheit-32);
}
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = toCelsius;
Functions 作为变量使用:
eg:
var text = "The temperature is " + toCelsius(77) + " Celsius";
var x = toCelsius(32);
var text = "The temperature is " + x + " Celsius";
(7)JavaScript Objection
object 创建
eg:
var car = "Fiat";
var car = {type:"Fiat", model:"500", color:"white"};
object 属性的两种访问方式:
objectName.propertyName
objectName[propertyName]
object 方法的访问:
objectName.methodName()
不要申明Strings, Numbers, Boolean为对象!
var x =newString();// Declares x as a String object
var y =newNumber();// Declares y as a Number object
var z =newBoolean();// Declares z as a Boolean object
避免字符串、数字和布尔对象。它们使你的代码复杂化,并减慢执行速度。
(8)JavaScript访问字符集
全局变量:
var carName =" Volvo";
// code here can use carName
functionmyFunction() {
// code here can usecarName
}
自动全局化变量:
// code here can use carName
function myFunction() {
carName ="Volvo";
// code here can use carName
}
一般不要创建全局变量。