iOS-OC对象原理_内存布局

前言

本文是基于objc-781源码进行分析探索

实例对象与类对象底层结构，isa信息分布

拓补图.001.jpeg

在objc-runtime-new.h中，

struct objc_class : objc_object {
    // Class ISA;
    Class superclass;
    cache_t cache;             // formerly cache pointer and vtable
    class_data_bits_t bits;    // class_rw_t * plus custom rr/alloc flags

    class_rw_t *data() const {
        return bits.data();
    }
    .........
}

objc.h中：

struct objc_object {
    Class _Nonnull isa  OBJC_ISA_AVAILABILITY;
};

这里的Class _Nonnull isa,已经是通过isa_t isa->ISA(),读取到shiftcls信息；
具体可以在objc-private.h看到：

struct objc_object {
private:
    isa_t isa;

public:

    // ISA() assumes this is NOT a tagged pointer object
    Class ISA();

    // rawISA() assumes this is NOT a tagged pointer object or a non pointer ISA
    Class rawISA();

    // getIsa() allows this to be a tagged pointer object
    Class getIsa();
    
    uintptr_t isaBits() const;

     ........
}

Class ISA()实现：

inline Class 
objc_object::ISA() 
{
    ASSERT(!isTaggedPointer()); 
#if SUPPORT_INDEXED_ISA
    if (isa.nonpointer) {
        uintptr_t slot = isa.indexcls;
        return classForIndex((unsigned)slot);
    }
    return (Class)isa.bits;
#else
    return (Class)(isa.bits & ISA_MASK);
#endif
//#   define ISA_MASK        0x00007ffffffffff8ULL
}

在objc-private.h中查看isa_t，一个联合体位域:

union isa_t {
    isa_t() { }
    isa_t(uintptr_t value) : bits(value) { }

    Class cls;
    uintptr_t bits;
#if defined(ISA_BITFIELD)
    struct {
        ISA_BITFIELD;  // defined in isa.h
    };
#endif
};

在isa.h中，ISA_BITFIELD的位域分布：(在x86_64和arm64架构中略有不同)

# if __arm64__
#   define ISA_MASK        0x0000000ffffffff8ULL
#   define ISA_MAGIC_MASK  0x000003f000000001ULL
#   define ISA_MAGIC_VALUE 0x000001a000000001ULL
#   define ISA_BITFIELD                                                      \
      uintptr_t nonpointer        : 1;                                       \
      uintptr_t has_assoc         : 1;                                       \
      uintptr_t has_cxx_dtor      : 1;                                       \
      uintptr_t shiftcls          : 33; /*MACH_VM_MAX_ADDRESS 0x1000000000*/ \
      uintptr_t magic             : 6;                                       \
      uintptr_t weakly_referenced : 1;                                       \
      uintptr_t deallocating      : 1;                                       \
      uintptr_t has_sidetable_rc  : 1;                                       \
      uintptr_t extra_rc          : 19
#   define RC_ONE   (1ULL<<45)
#   define RC_HALF  (1ULL<<18)

# elif __x86_64__
#   define ISA_MASK        0x00007ffffffffff8ULL
#   define ISA_MAGIC_MASK  0x001f800000000001ULL
#   define ISA_MAGIC_VALUE 0x001d800000000001ULL
#   define ISA_BITFIELD                                                        \
      uintptr_t nonpointer        : 1;                                         \
      uintptr_t has_assoc         : 1;                                         \
      uintptr_t has_cxx_dtor      : 1;                                         \
      uintptr_t shiftcls          : 44; /*MACH_VM_MAX_ADDRESS 0x7fffffe00000*/ \
      uintptr_t magic             : 6;                                         \
      uintptr_t weakly_referenced : 1;                                         \
      uintptr_t deallocating      : 1;                                         \
      uintptr_t has_sidetable_rc  : 1;                                         \
      uintptr_t extra_rc          : 8
#   define RC_ONE   (1ULL<<56)
#   define RC_HALF  (1ULL<<7)

# else
#   error unknown architecture for packed isa
# endif

// SUPPORT_PACKED_ISA
#endif

objc_class 结构体内部核心结构

拓补图.002.jpeg

在objc-runtime-new.h中的objc_class结构体

struct objc_class : objc_object {
    // Class ISA;
    Class superclass;
    cache_t cache;             // formerly cache pointer and vtable
    class_data_bits_t bits;    // class_rw_t * plus custom rr/alloc flags

    class_rw_t *data() const {
        return bits.data();
    }
    //..........省略...........
}

通过bits.data()获取class_rw_t *:

struct class_rw_t {
    // Be warned that Symbolication knows the layout of this structure.
    uint32_t flags;
    uint16_t witness;
#if SUPPORT_INDEXED_ISA
    uint16_t index;
#endif

    explicit_atomic<uintptr_t> ro_or_rw_ext;

    Class firstSubclass;
    Class nextSiblingClass;

private:
    //.........省略........
public:
   //.........省略........
   const class_ro_t *ro() const {
        auto v = get_ro_or_rwe();
        if (slowpath(v.is<class_rw_ext_t *>())) {
            return v.get<class_rw_ext_t *>()->ro;
        }
        return v.get<const class_ro_t *>();
    }

    const method_array_t methods() const {
        auto v = get_ro_or_rwe();
        if (v.is<class_rw_ext_t *>()) {
            return v.get<class_rw_ext_t *>()->methods;
        } else {
            return method_array_t{v.get<const class_ro_t *>()->baseMethods()};
        }
    }

    const property_array_t properties() const {
        auto v = get_ro_or_rwe();
        if (v.is<class_rw_ext_t *>()) {
            return v.get<class_rw_ext_t *>()->properties;
        } else {
            return property_array_t{v.get<const class_ro_t *>()->baseProperties};
        }
    }

    const protocol_array_t protocols() const {
        auto v = get_ro_or_rwe();
        if (v.is<class_rw_ext_t *>()) {
            return v.get<class_rw_ext_t *>()->protocols;
        } else {
            return protocol_array_t{v.get<const class_ro_t *>()->baseProtocols};
        }
    }

继续进入class_ro_t结构体：

struct class_ro_t {
    uint32_t flags;
    uint32_t instanceStart;
    uint32_t instanceSize;
#ifdef __LP64__
    uint32_t reserved;
#endif

    const uint8_t * ivarLayout;
    
    const char * name;
    method_list_t * baseMethodList;
    protocol_list_t * baseProtocols;
    const ivar_list_t * ivars;

    const uint8_t * weakIvarLayout;
    property_list_t *baseProperties;

    // This field exists only when RO_HAS_SWIFT_INITIALIZER is set.
    _objc_swiftMetadataInitializer __ptrauth_objc_method_list_imp _swiftMetadataInitializer_NEVER_USE[0];

    _objc_swiftMetadataInitializer swiftMetadataInitializer() const {
        if (flags & RO_HAS_SWIFT_INITIALIZER) {
            return _swiftMetadataInitializer_NEVER_USE[0];
        } else {
            return nil;
        }
    }

    method_list_t *baseMethods() const {
        return baseMethodList;
    }

    class_ro_t *duplicate() const {
        if (flags & RO_HAS_SWIFT_INITIALIZER) {
            size_t size = sizeof(*this) + sizeof(_swiftMetadataInitializer_NEVER_USE[0]);
            class_ro_t *ro = (class_ro_t *)memdup(this, size);
            ro->_swiftMetadataInitializer_NEVER_USE[0] = this->_swiftMetadataInitializer_NEVER_USE[0];
            return ro;
        } else {
            size_t size = sizeof(*this);
            class_ro_t *ro = (class_ro_t *)memdup(this, size);
            return ro;
        }
    }
};

总结

这里并不需要纠结为什么的问题，因为苹果就是这样设计的。主要就是基于源码对iOS底层有一个更加深入的理解。
源码地址