（使用规范、命令选项、测试来源、环境变量）
1. 使用规范：
文件名以test_*.py文件和*_test.py
以test_开头的函数
以Test开头的类
以test_开头的方法
所有的包pakege必须要有__init__.py文件
2. 执行用例规则：
1.执行某个目录下所有的用例
pytest 目录名/
2.执行某一个py文件下用例
pytest 脚本名称.py
3.-k 按关键字匹配
pytest -k "MyClass and not method"
4.按节点运行
每个收集的测试都分配了一个唯一的nodeid，它由模块文件名和后跟说明符组成来自参数化的类名，函数名和参数，由:: characters分隔。
运行.py模块里面的某个函数
pytest test_mod.py::test_func
运行.py模块里面,测试类里面的某个方法
pytest test_mod.py::TestClass::test_method
5.标记表达式
pytest -m slow
将运行用@pytest.mark.slow装饰器修饰的所有测试。后面章节会讲自定义标记mark的功能
-x 遇到错误时停止测试
pytest -x test_class.py
--maxfail=num
当用例错误个数达到指定数量时，停止测试
pytest --maxfail=3
3.在python代码中使用pytest执行测试
1. 直接调用
Pytest.main()
2. 传参调用
Pytest.main("-s", "mytest.py")
4.常用的命令行选项详解
1. --collect-only选项
使用--collect-only选项可以展示在给定的配置下哪些测试用例会被运行。此选项可以让你在执行测试前，非常方便地查看选中的用例是否符合预期。
(venv) D:\PyLib\CodemaoApiTest>pytest --collect-only
============================================================================================= test session starts ==============================================================================================
platform win32 -- Python 3.6.5rc1, pytest-5.0.1, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.12.0
rootdir: D:\PyLib\CodemaoApiTest
plugins: allure-pytest-2.7.1, forked-1.0.2, html-1.21.1, metadata-1.8.0, xdist-1.29.0
collected 12 items
<Package D:\PyLib\CodemaoApiTest\tests>
<Module test_ban_and_recover_login.py>
<Function test_ban_login_one>
<Function test_ban_and_recover_login_two>
<Module test_ban_and_recover_publish.py>
<Function test_ban_one>
<Function test_ban_two>
<Module test_ban_comment.py>
<Function test_ban_one>
<Function test_ban_two>
<Function test_ban_three>
<Function test_ban_four>
<Module test_delete_comments.py>
<Function test_delete_comments_one>
<Module test_delete_works.py>
<Function test_delete_works_one>
<Module test_recover_comment.py>
<Function test_recover_one>
<Function test_recover_two>
========================================================================================= no tests ran in 0.27 seconds ========================================================================================
2.-k选项
-k选项允许你使用表达式指定希望运行的用例。如果某测试名是唯一的，或者多个测试名的前缀或后缀相同，那么可以使用表达式来快速定位。假设希望选中有关publish和comment的用例，那么
(venv) D:\PyLib\CodemaoApiTest>pytest -k "comment or publish" --collect-only
============================================================================================= test session starts ==============================================================================================
platform win32 -- Python 3.6.5rc1, pytest-5.0.1, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.12.0
rootdir: D:\PyLib\CodemaoApiTest
plugins: allure-pytest-2.7.1, forked-1.0.2, html-1.21.1, metadata-1.8.0, xdist-1.29.0
collected 12 items / 3 deselected / 9 selected
<Package D:\PyLib\CodemaoApiTest\tests>
<Module test_ban_and_recover_publish.py>
<Function test_ban_one>
<Function test_ban_two>
<Module test_ban_comment.py>
<Function test_ban_one>
<Function test_ban_two>
<Function test_ban_three>
<Function test_ban_four>
<Module test_delete_comments.py>
<Function test_delete_comments_one>
<Module test_recover_comment.py>
<Function test_recover_one>
<Function test_recover_two>
========================================================================================= 3 deselected in 0.12 seconds =========================================================================================
(venv) D:\PyLib\CodemaoApiTest>pytest -k "one and not ban" --collect-only
============================================================================================= test session starts ==============================================================================================
platform win32 -- Python 3.6.5rc1, pytest-5.0.1, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.12.0
rootdir: D:\PyLib\CodemaoApiTest
plugins: allure-pytest-2.7.1, forked-1.0.2, html-1.21.1, metadata-1.8.0, xdist-1.29.0
collected 12 items / 9 deselected / 3 selected
<Package D:\PyLib\CodemaoApiTest\tests>
<Module test_delete_comments.py>
<Function test_delete_comments_one>
<Module test_delete_works.py>
<Function test_delete_works_one>
<Module test_recover_comment.py>
<Function test_recover_one>
========================================================================================= 9 deselected in 0.12 seconds =========================================================================================
3.-m选项
标记（marker）用于标记测试并分组，以便快速选中并运行。
(venv) D:\PyLib\CodemaoApiTest>pytest -m smoke
============================================================================================= test session starts ==============================================================================================
platform win32 -- Python 3.6.5rc1, pytest-5.0.1, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.12.0
rootdir: D:\PyLib\CodemaoApiTest, inifile: pytest.ini
plugins: allure-pytest-2.7.1, forked-1.0.2, html-1.21.1, metadata-1.8.0, xdist-1.29.0
collected 12 items / 11 deselected / 1 selected
tests\test_recover_comment.py . [100%]
=================================================================================== 1 passed, 11 deselected in 13.47 seconds ==================================================================================
4.-x选项
首次失败后停止执行
5.-v(--verbose)选项
(venv) D:\PyLib\NemoDataFactory\tests>pytest -v test_add.py
============================================================================================= test session starts ==============================================================================================
platform win32 -- Python 3.6.5rc1, pytest-5.0.1, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.12.0 -- d:\pylib\nemodatafactory\venv\scripts\python.exe
cachedir: .pytest_cache
metadata: {'Python': '3.6.5rc1', 'Platform': 'Windows-10-10.0.17763-SP0', 'Packages': {'pytest': '5.0.1', 'py': '1.8.0', 'pluggy': '0.12.0'}, 'Plugins': {'allure-pytest': '2.7.1', 'html': '1.21.1', 'metadata':
'1.8.0'}, 'JAVA_HOME': 'D:\\software\\Java'}
rootdir: D:\PyLib\NemoDataFactory\tests
plugins: allure-pytest-2.7.1, html-1.21.1, metadata-1.8.0
collected 24 items
test_add.py::test_add_bcm[{'name': 测试所有声音播放}] PASSED [ 4%]
test_add.py::test_add_bcm[{'name': 重构后得声音模块}] PASSED [ 8%]
test_add.py::test_add_bcm[{'name': 测试说你好}] PASSED [ 12%]
test_add.py::test_add_bcm[{'name': 测试侦测颜色}] PASSED [ 16%]
test_add.py::test_add_bcm[{'name': 测试侦测屏幕边缘}] PASSED [ 20%]
test_add.py::test_add_bcm[{'name': 测试计时器}] PASSED # [ 25%]
test_add.py::test_add_bcm[{'name': 测试手指}] PASSED [ 29%]
test_add.py::test_add_bcm[{'name': 测试画笔}] PASSED [ 33%]
test_add.py::test_add_bcm[{'name': 测试变量运算}] PASSED [ 37%]
test_add.py::test_add_bcm[{'name': 音乐播放器嘟嘟}] PASSED [ 41%]
test_add.py::test_add_bcm[{'name': 追击飞电鼠}] PASSED [ 45%]
test_add.py::test_add_bcm[{'name': 5000积木数}] PASSED [ 50%]
test_add.py::test_add_bcm[{'name': 测试克隆类积木}] PASSED [ 54%]
test_add.py::test_add_bcm[{'name': 测试控制类积木}] PASSED [ 58%]
test_add.py::test_add_bcm[{'name': 测试动作类积木}] PASSED [ 62%]
test_add.py::test_add_bcm[{'name': 编程猫快跑}] PASSED [ 66%]
test_add.py::test_add_bcm[{'name': 测试侦测类}] PASSED [ 70%]
test_add.py::test_add_bcm[{'name': 测试水平和重力}] PASSED [ 75%]
test_add.py::test_add_bcm[{'name': 外观积木汇总}] PASSED [ 79%]
test_add.py::test_add_bcm[{'name': 测试当角色被点击}] PASSED [ 83%]
test_add.py::test_add_bcm[{'name': 测试外观类}] PASSED [ 87%]
test_add.py::test_add_bcm[{'name': 测试x分量}] PASSED [ 91%]
test_add.py::test_add_bcm[{'name': 测试当积木}] PASSED [ 95%]
test_add.py::test_add_bcm[{'name': (创作页内运行)测试复制积木能否克隆}] PASSED [100%]
========================================================================================== 24 passed in 32.01 seconds =========================================================================================
6.-q(--quiet)选项
与-v相反，会简化输出信息。
(venv) D:\PyLib\NemoDataFactory\tests>pytest -q test_add.py
........................ [100%]
24 passed in 31.47 seconds
7.-s选项
允许终端在测试时输出任何符合标准输出流信息(例如print语句)
8.-l(--showlocals)选项
使用-l选项，失败的测试用例由于被堆栈追踪，所以局部变量及其值都会显示出来。
(venv) D:\PyLib\NemoDataFactory\tests>pytest -l test_add.py
============================================================================================= test session starts ==============================================================================================
platform win32 -- Python 3.6.5rc1, pytest-5.0.1, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.12.0
rootdir: D:\PyLib\NemoDataFactory\tests
plugins: allure-pytest-2.7.1, html-1.21.1, metadata-1.8.0
collected 24 items
test_add.py ........................ [100%]
========================================================================================== 24 passed in 30.74 seconds =========================================================================================
9.--tb=style选项
--tb=no屏蔽全部回溯信息
--tb=line可以告诉我们错误的位置
--tb=short显示的回溯信息比上面两种模式更详细
--tb=long输出最为详尽的回溯信息
--tb=auto默认值，如果有多个测试用例失败，仅打印第一个和最后一个用例的回溯信息（格式与long模式的一致）
--tb=native只输出python标准库的回溯信息，不显示额外信息
10.--duratioins=N选项
--durations=N会显示最慢的N个阶段(包括每个测试用例的call、setup、teardown)，耗时越长越靠前。如果使用--durations=0，则会将所以阶段按耗时从长到短排序后显示。
(venv) D:\PyLib\CodemaoApiTest>pytest tests --durations=0
============================================================================================= test session starts ==============================================================================================
platform win32 -- Python 3.6.5rc1, pytest-5.0.1, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.12.0
rootdir: D:\PyLib\CodemaoApiTest, inifile: pytest.ini
plugins: allure-pytest-2.7.1, forked-1.0.2, html-1.21.1, metadata-1.8.0, xdist-1.29.0
collected 12 items
tests\test_ban_and_recover_login.py .. [ 16%]
tests\test_ban_and_recover_publish.py .. [ 33%]
tests\test_ban_comment.py .... [ 66%]
tests\test_delete_comments.py . [ 75%]
tests\test_delete_works.py . [ 83%]
tests\test_recover_comment.py .. [100%]
============================================================================================ slowest test durations ============================================================================================
37.84s call tests/test_delete_comments.py::test_delete_comments_one
15.91s call tests/test_delete_works.py::test_delete_works_one
12.94s call tests/test_recover_comment.py::test_recover_one
9.03s call tests/test_ban_and_recover_login.py::test_ban_and_recover_login_two
8.56s call tests/test_recover_comment.py::test_recover_two
6.10s call tests/test_ban_comment.py::test_ban_two
6.05s call tests/test_ban_comment.py::test_ban_four
5.21s teardown tests/test_ban_and_recover_login.py::test_ban_and_recover_login_two
3.92s call tests/test_ban_and_recover_publish.py::test_ban_two
3.75s setup tests/test_ban_and_recover_login.py::test_ban_and_recover_login_two
3.32s setup tests/test_ban_and_recover_login.py::test_ban_login_one
2.74s setup tests/test_ban_comment.py::test_ban_two
2.71s setup tests/test_recover_comment.py::test_recover_one
2.62s setup tests/test_delete_works.py::test_delete_works_one
2.50s setup tests/test_ban_comment.py::test_ban_four
2.46s teardown tests/test_recover_comment.py::test_recover_one
2.45s setup tests/test_ban_comment.py::test_ban_three
2.44s setup tests/test_delete_comments.py::test_delete_comments_one
2.42s setup tests/test_ban_comment.py::test_ban_one
2.41s teardown tests/test_ban_comment.py::test_ban_one
2.37s setup tests/test_recover_comment.py::test_recover_two
2.31s teardown tests/test_ban_and_recover_publish.py::test_ban_two
2.30s teardown tests/test_delete_comments.py::test_delete_comments_one
2.29s teardown tests/test_ban_comment.py::test_ban_two
2.28s teardown tests/test_delete_works.py::test_delete_works_one
2.25s teardown tests/test_ban_and_recover_login.py::test_ban_login_one
2.24s teardown tests/test_recover_comment.py::test_recover_two
2.22s teardown tests/test_ban_comment.py::test_ban_three
2.20s teardown tests/test_ban_comment.py::test_ban_four
2.03s teardown tests/test_ban_and_recover_publish.py::test_ban_one
1.54s call tests/test_ban_and_recover_login.py::test_ban_login_one
1.52s setup tests/test_ban_and_recover_publish.py::test_ban_two
1.47s setup tests/test_ban_and_recover_publish.py::test_ban_one
1.31s call tests/test_ban_and_recover_publish.py::test_ban_one
0.70s call tests/test_ban_comment.py::test_ban_one
0.66s call tests/test_ban_comment.py::test_ban_three
========================================================================================= 12 passed in 165.19 seconds =========================================================================================
11.帮助选项
pytest --version 查看pytest版本
pytest --fixtures 查看内置参数
pytest -h| --help 帮助文档
