前言
新版本的Android Studio
修改了gradle.build
脚本的写法,从原本的Groovy DSL
改成了kotlin DSL
,第一次接触有点不知所措。自己摸索了一下,写个记录给后来人指路。
如果你创建项目的时候选的是这个Kotlin DSL
才需要本文的指导,如果选的是下面那个就不用看了,那个是旧版的写法。
新老版本差异
其实只变了三个文件,如图所示
导入依赖包
此处以mmkv
为例,Groovy DSL
的写法是
implementation 'com.tencent:mmkv-static:1.0.24'
语句由以下几部分组成:
函数名 '组名:模块名:版本号'
函数名
也就是最前面的 implementation
,有三种不同的函数,区别如下:
implementation
:依赖不传递,打入最终APK中
api
:依赖传递,打入最终APK中
compileOnly
:仅编译时需要,最终APK中不包含
其中依赖传递的意思是,会不会将这个包传递给依赖自己的对象。
举例来说,假如我们有一个module
叫HTTP module
,封装了一层OkHttp
,这个HTTP module
自己依赖了OkHttp
,此时如果我们把这个HTTP module
给主APP
用,如果在导入OkHttp
依赖的时候这么写
implementation `com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:3.3.0'
那么我们可以在主APP
调用HTTP module
封装好的内容,但不可以使用OkHttp
的内容,这就是依赖不传递
。
如果想要主APP
可以直接调用OkHttp
的内容,就需要依赖传递
,也就是使用api
函数来导包。
api `com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:3.3.0'
简单说就是implementation
==private
,api
==public
如果你的项目就一个module
那这俩用哪个都一样。
compileOnly
依赖的内容不会被编译进APK,一般用于测试相关的库以及注解相关的库,比如lombok
之类的。
Kotlin DSL写法
有亿点麻烦,需要改两个文件,先打开gradle/libs.versions.toml
这个文件
默认的大概长这个样子
[versions]
agp = "8.3.2"
kotlin = "1.9.0"
coreKtx = "1.13.1"
junit = "4.13.2"
junitVersion = "1.1.5"
espressoCore = "3.5.1"
lifecycleRuntimeKtx = "2.8.0"
activityCompose = "1.9.0"
composeBom = "2023.08.00"
[libraries]
androidx-core-ktx = { group = "androidx.core", name = "core-ktx", version.ref = "coreKtx" }
junit = { group = "junit", name = "junit", version.ref = "junit" }
androidx-junit = { group = "androidx.test.ext", name = "junit", version.ref = "junitVersion" }
androidx-espresso-core = { group = "androidx.test.espresso", name = "espresso-core", version.ref = "espressoCore" }
androidx-lifecycle-runtime-ktx = { group = "androidx.lifecycle", name = "lifecycle-runtime-ktx", version.ref = "lifecycleRuntimeKtx" }
androidx-activity-compose = { group = "androidx.activity", name = "activity-compose", version.ref = "activityCompose" }
androidx-compose-bom = { group = "androidx.compose", name = "compose-bom", version.ref = "composeBom" }
androidx-ui = { group = "androidx.compose.ui", name = "ui" }
androidx-ui-graphics = { group = "androidx.compose.ui", name = "ui-graphics" }
androidx-ui-tooling = { group = "androidx.compose.ui", name = "ui-tooling" }
androidx-ui-tooling-preview = { group = "androidx.compose.ui", name = "ui-tooling-preview" }
androidx-ui-test-manifest = { group = "androidx.compose.ui", name = "ui-test-manifest" }
androidx-ui-test-junit4 = { group = "androidx.compose.ui", name = "ui-test-junit4" }
androidx-material3 = { group = "androidx.compose.material3", name = "material3" }
[plugins]
androidApplication = { id = "com.android.application", version.ref = "agp" }
jetbrainsKotlinAndroid = { id = "org.jetbrains.kotlin.android", version.ref = "kotlin" }
[versions]
下面的内容是每个包的版本号,键值对形式,前面是包的名字,后面是版本号。
[libraries]
里面就是导包语句了,group
对应组名,name
对应模块名,version.ref
对应版本号,可以不写,不写就是自动。
[plugins]
下面的内容就等同于以前build.gradle
里的plugins
函数,上面默认的那段就等同于下面这段:
plugins {
id 'com.android.application'
id 'org.jetbrains.kotlin.android'
}
现在我们添加mmkv
的依赖,照着旧的写法抄
implementation 'com.tencent:mmkv-static:1.0.24'
把版本号抄到[versions]
下面,命名为mmkv
mmkv = "1.2.7"
把组名和模块名抄到[libraries]
下面,也命名为mmkv
mmkv = { group = "com.tencent", name = "mmkv-static",version.ref = "mmkv" }
改完以后长这样
[versions]
agp = "8.3.2"
kotlin = "1.9.0"
coreKtx = "1.13.1"
junit = "4.13.2"
junitVersion = "1.1.5"
espressoCore = "3.5.1"
lifecycleRuntimeKtx = "2.8.0"
activityCompose = "1.9.0"
composeBom = "2023.08.00"
nanohttpd = "2.3.1"
mmkv = "1.2.7"
fastjson = "1.1.52.android"
[libraries]
androidx-core-ktx = { group = "androidx.core", name = "core-ktx", version.ref = "coreKtx" }
junit = { group = "junit", name = "junit", version.ref = "junit" }
androidx-junit = { group = "androidx.test.ext", name = "junit", version.ref = "junitVersion" }
androidx-espresso-core = { group = "androidx.test.espresso", name = "espresso-core", version.ref = "espressoCore" }
androidx-lifecycle-runtime-ktx = { group = "androidx.lifecycle", name = "lifecycle-runtime-ktx", version.ref = "lifecycleRuntimeKtx" }
androidx-activity-compose = { group = "androidx.activity", name = "activity-compose", version.ref = "activityCompose" }
androidx-compose-bom = { group = "androidx.compose", name = "compose-bom", version.ref = "composeBom" }
androidx-ui = { group = "androidx.compose.ui", name = "ui" }
androidx-ui-graphics = { group = "androidx.compose.ui", name = "ui-graphics" }
androidx-ui-tooling = { group = "androidx.compose.ui", name = "ui-tooling" }
androidx-ui-tooling-preview = { group = "androidx.compose.ui", name = "ui-tooling-preview" }
androidx-ui-test-manifest = { group = "androidx.compose.ui", name = "ui-test-manifest" }
androidx-ui-test-junit4 = { group = "androidx.compose.ui", name = "ui-test-junit4" }
androidx-material3 = { group = "androidx.compose.material3", name = "material3" }
nanohttpd = { group = "org.nanohttpd", name = "nanohttpd",version.ref = "nanohttpd" }
mmkv = { group = "com.tencent", name = "mmkv-static",version.ref = "mmkv" }
fastjson = { group = "com.alibaba", name = "fastjson",version.ref = "fastjson" }
[plugins]
androidApplication = { id = "com.android.application", version.ref = "agp" }
jetbrainsKotlinAndroid = { id = "org.jetbrains.kotlin.android", version.ref = "kotlin" }
还没完,还有一个文件要改,我们打开APP
级别的build.gradle.kt
,找到最下面的dependencies
,大概长这样:
dependencies {
implementation(libs.androidx.core.ktx)
implementation(libs.androidx.lifecycle.runtime.ktx)
implementation(libs.androidx.activity.compose)
implementation(platform(libs.androidx.compose.bom))
implementation(libs.androidx.ui)
implementation(libs.androidx.ui.graphics)
implementation(libs.androidx.ui.tooling.preview)
implementation(libs.androidx.material3)
testImplementation(libs.junit)
androidTestImplementation(libs.androidx.junit)
androidTestImplementation(libs.androidx.espresso.core)
androidTestImplementation(platform(libs.androidx.compose.bom))
androidTestImplementation(libs.androidx.ui.test.junit4)
debugImplementation(libs.androidx.ui.tooling)
debugImplementation(libs.androidx.ui.test.manifest)
}
在最下面加入这行
implementation(libs.mmkv)
就完事了
添加源
还是先讲旧的写法,找到最外层的build.gradle
,在repositories
里添加一行
maven { url "源地址" }
比如说添加阿里云仓库
// Top-level build file where you can add configuration options common to all sub-projects/modules.
//apply from: './config.gradle'
buildscript {
ext.kotlin_version = "1.5.0"
repositories {
mavenLocal()
google()
maven { url "https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public" }
}
dependencies {
...
}
}
allprojects {
repositories {
google()
mavenCentral()
maven { url "https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public" }
}
}
task clean(type: Delete) {
delete rootProject.buildDir
}
Kotlin DSL写法
打开项目最外层的settings.gradle.kts
,然后在repositories
里添加一行
maven { setUrl("源地址") }
像这样
pluginManagement {
repositories {
google {
content {
includeGroupByRegex("com\.android.*")
includeGroupByRegex("com\.google.*")
includeGroupByRegex("androidx.*")
}
}
mavenCentral()
gradlePluginPortal()
}
}
dependencyResolutionManagement {
repositoriesMode.set(RepositoriesMode.FAIL_ON_PROJECT_REPOS)
repositories {
google()
mavenCentral()
maven { setUrl("https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public") }
}
}