列出各分区使用情况
[root@space ~]# df -hl
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/centos-root 36G 33G 3.2G 92% /
devtmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 3.9G 88K 3.9G 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 3.9G 8.7M 3.9G 1% /run
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 497M 261M 237M 53% /boot
tmpfs 782M 12K 782M 1% /run/user/0
tmpfs 782M 4.0K 782M 1% /run/user/988
可以看见/dev/mapper/centos-root
已经使用了92%
,我们准备为它扩容
创建新分区
先看一下现有磁盘情况:
[root@space ~]# fdisk -l
磁盘 /dev/sda:42.9 GB, 42949672960 字节,83886080 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型:dos
磁盘标识符:0x0008f3a5
设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 1026047 512000 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 1026048 83886079 41430016 8e Linux LVM
磁盘 /dev/sdb:214.7 GB, 214748364800 字节,419430400 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘 /dev/mapper/centos-swap:4177 MB, 4177526784 字节,8159232 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘 /dev/mapper/centos-root:38.2 GB, 38243663872 字节,74694656 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节
[root@space ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
root centos -wi-ao---- 35.62g
swap centos -wi-ao---- 3.89g
已经可以看到新添加的磁盘/dev/sdb
对新磁盘进行分区
在fdisk
的交互模式中,依次输入:
n --创建新分区
p --创建主分区
<回车> --默认分区编号
<回车> --默认起始扇区位置。
<回车> --默认结束扇区位置。
w --写入分区表
[root@space ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
欢迎使用 fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2)。
更改将停留在内存中,直到您决定将更改写入磁盘。
使用写入命令前请三思。
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
使用磁盘标识符 0xa91cbf10 创建新的 DOS 磁盘标签。
命令(输入 m 获取帮助):m
命令操作
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
命令(输入 m 获取帮助):n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
分区号 (1-4,默认 1):
起始 扇区 (2048-419430399,默认为 2048):
将使用默认值 2048
Last 扇区, +扇区 or +size{K,M,G} (2048-419430399,默认为 419430399):
将使用默认值 419430399
分区 1 已设置为 Linux 类型,大小设为 200 GiB
命令(输入 m 获取帮助):w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
正在同步磁盘。
这样就把整个磁盘分成了一个区
再看一下现有磁盘情况
[root@space ~]# fdisk -l
磁盘 /dev/sda:42.9 GB, 42949672960 字节,83886080 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型:dos
磁盘标识符:0x0008f3a5
设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 1026047 512000 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 1026048 83886079 41430016 8e Linux LVM
磁盘 /dev/sdb:214.7 GB, 214748364800 字节,419430400 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型:dos
磁盘标识符:0xa91cbf10
设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 419430399 209714176 83 Linux
磁盘 /dev/mapper/centos-swap:4177 MB, 4177526784 字节,8159232 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘 /dev/mapper/centos-root:38.2 GB, 38243663872 字节,74694656 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节
已经多出了一个新分区
设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 419430399 209714176 83 Linux
扩展根目录
将新分区用于扩展/root
先看一下卷分组
[root@space ~]# vgdisplay -v
Using volume group(s) on command line.
--- Volume group ---
VG Name centos
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 3
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 39.51 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 10114
Alloc PE / Size 10114 / 39.51 GiB
Free PE / Size 0 / 0
VG UUID Ykx8CQ-951y-7BC0-vfDm-h05J-AyyK-XVwBY4
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/centos/swap
LV Name swap
VG Name centos
LV UUID NarvTO-dKF1-dAfu-3yZD-g1Bd-jUvt-qTGIP6
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost, 2015-03-31 10:58:34 +0800
LV Status available
# open 2
LV Size 3.89 GiB
Current LE 996
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:0
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/centos/root
LV Name root
VG Name centos
LV UUID nVjnIr-3kdo-ncmg-Qoyw-DQeG-F0Lh-cdzVhi
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost, 2015-03-31 10:58:35 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 35.62 GiB
Current LE 9118
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:1
--- Physical volumes ---
PV Name /dev/sda2
PV UUID BWUVqr-mVpy-x6gX-bqxU-NJP7-l48n-Lrx9Ke
PV Status allocatable
Total PE / Free PE 10114 / 0
可以看到当前卷分组名为"centos"
为之前新增的分区创建物理卷:
[root@space ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1
Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created
查看结果:
[root@space ~]# pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda2
VG Name centos
PV Size 39.51 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 10114
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 10114
PV UUID BWUVqr-mVpy-x6gX-bqxU-NJP7-l48n-Lrx9Ke
"/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "200.00 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdb1
VG Name
PV Size 200.00 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID cKQd9i-eDVI-BO2Y-BNCS-Yaxj-ouKo-PPdRQC
已经看到新创建的200G
大小的物理卷
扩展卷分组"centos"是vgdisplay
命令查到的卷分组名
[root@space ~]# vgextend centos /dev/sdb1
Volume group "centos" successfully extended
提示成功扩展
下面查看一下逻辑卷:
[root@space ~]# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/centos/swap
LV Name swap
VG Name centos
LV UUID NarvTO-dKF1-dAfu-3yZD-g1Bd-jUvt-qTGIP6
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost, 2015-03-31 10:58:34 +0800
LV Status available
# open 2
LV Size 3.89 GiB
Current LE 996
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:0
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/centos/root
LV Name root
VG Name centos
LV UUID nVjnIr-3kdo-ncmg-Qoyw-DQeG-F0Lh-cdzVhi
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost, 2015-03-31 10:58:35 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 35.62 GiB
Current LE 9118
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:1
可以看到/dev/centos/root目前的LV Size是35.62 G
下面扩展逻辑卷/dev/centos/root
[root@space ~]# lvextend -L +200G /dev/centos/root
Invalid argument for --extents: +200G
Error during parsing of command line.
[root@space ~]# lvextend -L +200G /dev/centos/root
Insufficient free space: 51200 extents needed, but only 51199 available
[root@space ~]# lvextend -L +199G /dev/centos/root
Size of logical volume centos/root changed from 35.62 GiB (9118 extents) to 234.62 GiB (60062 extents).
Logical volume root successfully resized.
注:+199G是我们新增加的分区大小
扩展后,还要执行一步:
[root@space ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/centos/root
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=256 agcount=4, agsize=2334208 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=0 finobt=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=9336832, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=0
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=4559, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 9336832 to 61503488
将文件系统扩大
因为安装CentOS用的xfs分区,所以使用命令xfs_growfs扩展文件系统大小。否则的话使用resize2fs命令
查看结果:
[root@space bin]# df -hl
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/centos-root 235G 33G 202G 14% /
devtmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 3.9G 88K 3.9G 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 3.9G 8.7M 3.9G 1% /run
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 497M 261M 237M 53% /boot
tmpfs 782M 16K 782M 1% /run/user/0
tmpfs 782M 4.0K 782M 1% /run/user/988
/root已经扩充到235G