Python 内置了 requests 模块，该模块主要用来发 送 HTTP 请求，requests 模块比 urllib 模块更简洁。

语法：

requests.methodname(params)

方法

例如

 # 导入 requests 包
import requests

url = "http://httpbin.org"
 # 发送请求
x = requests.get(url)
 
 # 返回 http 的状态码
print(x.status_code)

# 响应状态的描述
print(x.reason)

# 返回编码
print(x.apparent_encoding)

输出结果如下：

200
OK
Windows-1252

对于带参数的URL，传入一个dict作为params参数：

结果是改变 url -> url + ?key=value

>>> url = "http://httpbin.org/get" 
>>> params = { "key1": "value1", "key2": "value2"}
>>> y = requests.get(url, params = params)
>>> print(y.url)
http://httpbin.org/get?key1=value1&key2=value2

添加 headers

>>> headers = {'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36'}
>>> url = 'https://www.douban.com/'
>>> r = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
>>> print(r.status_code)
200

具体的属性和方法可以参考这里：Python requests.Response Object (w3schools.com)

如果是 post：

>>> url = "http://httpbin.org/post"
>>> payload = {"name": "roy", "age": "80"}
>>> r = requests.post(url, data = payload)
>>> print(r.reason)
OK

>>> import requests
>>> r = requests.get('https://httpbin.org/basic-auth/user/pass', auth=('user', 'pass'))
>>> r.status_code
200
>>> r.headers['content-type']
'application/json'
>>> r.headers
{'Date': 'Fri, 28 Oct 2022 01:36:58 GMT', 'Content-Type': 'application/json', 'Content-Length': '47', 'Connection': 'keep-alive', 'Server': 'gunicorn/19.9.0', 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin': '*', 'Access-Control-Allow-Credentials': 'true'}
>>> r.encoding
>>> r.text
'{\n  "authenticated": true, \n  "user": "user"\n}\n'
>>> r.json()
{'authenticated': True, 'user': 'user'}
>>>

Python Requests get() Method

The get() method sends a GET request to the specified url.

Syntax

requests.get(url, params={"key": "value"}, args)

args means zero or more of the named arguments in the parameter table below. Example:

requests.get(url, timeout=2.50)

Parameter Values

Return Value

The get() method returns a requests.Response object.

Python Requests post() Method

Example

Make a POST request to a web page, and return the response text:

import requests

url = 'https://www.w3schools.com/python/demopage.php'
myobj = {'somekey': 'somevalue'}

x = requests.post(url, json = myobj)

print(x.text)

Definition and Usage

The post() method sends a POST request to the specified url.

The post() method is used when you want to send some data to the server.

Syntax

requests.post(url, data={"key": "value"}, json={"key": "value"}, args)

args means zero or more of the named arguments in the parameter table below. Example:

requests.post(url, data = myobj, timeout=2.50)

Parameter Values

Return Value

A requests.Response object.

参考：

官网：Requests: HTTP for Humans™ — Requests 2.28.1 documentation

https://www.w3schools.com/python/module_requests.asp

Python requests 模块 | 菜鸟教程 (runoob.com)

requests - 廖雪峰的官方网站 (liaoxuefeng.com)

python的requests模块详解 - 马昌伟 - 博客园 (cnblogs.com)