实验目的
本文通过一个案例简单来了解一下Site-to-Site IPSec VPN 的工作原理及详细配置。
组网设备
USG6630防火墙两台,AR2220路由一台,PC机两台
实验拓扑
实验步骤
步骤1:FW1 和 FW2 配置接口 IP 地址和安全区域,完成网络基本参数配置 。
1、配置FW1接口IP地址,并且把GE1/0/1加入到untrust区域,GE1/0/6加入到trust。
[FW1] interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/1
[FW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] ip address 202.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
[FW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] service-manage ping permit
[FW1] interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/6
[FW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/6] ip address 10.91.74.254 255.255.255.0
[FW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/6] service-manage ping permit
[FW1] firewall zone untrust
[FW1-zone-untrust] add interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/1
[FW1] firewall zone trust
[FW1-zone-trust] add interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/6
2、配置 FW2 接口 IP 地址,并且 GE1/0/2 加入 Untrust 区域,GE1/0/6 加入Trust 区域。
[FW2] interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/1
[FW2-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] ip address 202.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
[FW2-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] service-manage ping permit
[FW2] interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/6
[FW2-GigabitEthernet1/0/6] ip address 10.91.74.254 255.255.255.0
[FW2-GigabitEthernet1/0/6] service-manage ping permit
[FW2] firewall zone untrust
[FW2-zone-untrust] add interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/1
[FW2] firewall zone trust
[FW2-zone-trust] add interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/6
步骤2:FW1 和FW2 配置到达对端的路由。
配置FW1和FW2的默认路由。
[FW1] ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 202.1.2.1
[FW2] ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 202.1.1.1
配置 FW1和FW2 的 IPSec 隧道。
1)、定义需要保护的数据流
[FW1]acl number 3000
[FW1-acl-adv-3000] rule 5 permit ip source 10.91.74.0 0.0.0.255 destination 10.91.65.0 0.0.0.255
2)、配置 IKE 安全提议
[FW1]ike proposal 1 #采用默认配置,
[FW1-ike-proposal-1] display this #查看默认的加密算法
3)、配置 IKE 对等体
[FW1]ike peer FW1
[FW1-ike-peer-FW1]exchange-mode auto
[FW1-ike-peer-FW1]pre-shared-key huawei@123 #定义域共享密钥,两边要一样的
[FW1-ike-peer-FW1]ike-proposal 1 #关联IKE安全提议
[FW1-ike-peer-FW1]remote-address 202.1.2.1 #配置对端全局地址
4)、配置 IPSec 安全提议
[FW1]ipsec proposal 10 #采用默认值
5)、配置 IPSec 策略
[FW1]ipsec policy FW1 1 isakmp
[FW1-ipsec-policy-isakmp-FW1-1]security acl 3000
[FW1-ipsec-policy-isakmp-FW1-1] proposal 10
[FW1-ipsec-policy-isakmp-FW1-1] ike-peer FW1
6)、应用 IPSec 安全策略到出接口
[FW1]interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/1
[FW1-GigabitEthernet1/0/1]ipsec policy FW1
防火墙FW2也是按照上面的步骤配置,中间只需要修改一下IKE 对等体的
remote-address IP地址
。
步骤4:FW1和FW2 配置安全策略,允许私网指定网段进行报文交互 。
1)、配置从 Trust 到 Untrust 的域间策略
防火墙FW1
[FW1-policy-security]rule name trust_untrust
[FW1-policy-security-rule-trust_untrust]source-zone trust
[FW1-policy-security-rule-trust_untrust]destination-zone untrust
[FW1-policy-security-rule-trust_untrust]source-address 10.91.74.0 24
[FW1-policy-security-rule-trust_untrust]destination-address 10.91.65.0 24
[FW1-policy-security-rule-trust_untrust]action permit
防火墙FW2
[FW2-policy-security]rule name trust_untrust
[FW2-policy-security-rule-trust_untrust]source-zone trust
[FW2-policy-security-rule-trust_untrust]destination-zone untrust
[FW2-policy-security-rule-trust_untrust]source-address 10.91.65.0 24
[FW2-policy-security-rule-trust_untrust]destination-address 10.91.74.0 24
2)、配置从 Untrust 到Trust 的域间策略
防火墙FW1
[FW1-policy-security]rule name untrust_trust
[FW1-policy-security-rule-untrust_trust]source-zone untrust
[FW1-policy-security-rule-untrust_trust]destination-zone trust
[FW1-policy-security-rule-untrust_trust]source-address 10.91.65.0 24
[FW1-policy-security-rule-untrust_trust]destination-address 10.91.74.0 24
[FW1-policy-security-rule-untrust_trust]action permit
防火墙FW2
[FW2-policy-security]rule name untrust_trust
[FW2-policy-security-rule-untrust_trust]source-zone untrust
[FW2-policy-security-rule-untrust_trust]destination-zone trust
[FW2-policy-security-rule-untrust_trust]source-address 10.91.74.0 24
[FW2-policy-security-rule-untrust_trust]destination-address 10.91.65.0 24
[FW2-policy-security-rule-untrust_trust]action permit
到此两台防火墙已经放通了从Trust 到 Untrust和从Untrust到 trust的域间策略,现在从PC1发ping包看看吧。
从上图看到PC1和PC2是不能连通的,这是为啥呢?首先,在FW1防护墙上看看会话表,如下图
从上图看到FW1防火墙上出现了会话表,但是,数据包只有出去方向的,回来的数据包却没有。我们再到FW2看看是否有会话表项。
从上图可以看到FW2上没有发现会话表项。说明数据包没有到达FW2上。这是为什么呢?
因为我们只放通了业务上策略,而没有放通ipsec VPN协商所需要的策略。
步骤5:配置IPsec VPN 的域间策略
1)、定义服务集
[FW1]ip service-set ike type object
[FW1-object-service-set-ike]service 0 protocol udp destination-port 500
[FW2]ip service-set ike type object
[FW2-object-service-set-ike]service 0 protocol udp destination-port 500
2)、在防火墙上放通策略
[FW1-policy-security]rule name ike_out
[FW1-policy-security-rule-ike_out] source-zone local
[FW1-policy-security-rule-ike_out] destination-zone untrust
[FW1-policy-security-rule-ike_out] source-address 202.1.1.1 mask 255.255.255.255
[FW1-policy-security-rule-ike_out] destination-address 202.1.2.1 mask 255.255.255.255
[FW1-policy-security-rule-ike_out]service ike
[FW1-policy-security-rule-ike_out]service esp
[FW1-policy-security-rule-ike_out] action permit
[FW1-policy-security]rule name ike_in
[FW1-policy-security-rule-ike_in] source-zone untrust
[FW1-policy-security-rule-ike_in] destination-zone local
[FW1-policy-security-rule-ike_in] source-address 202.1.2.1 mask 255.255.255.255
[FW1-policy-security-rule-ike_in] destination-address 202.1.1.1 mask 255.255.255.255
[FW1-policy-security-rule-ike_out]service ike
[FW1-policy-security-rule-ike_out]service esp
[FW1-policy-security-rule-ike_in] action permit
[FW2-policy-security] rule name ike_out
[FW2-policy-security-rule-ike_out]source-zone local
[FW2-policy-security-rule-ike_out]source-zone untrust
[FW2-policy-security-rule-ike_out] destination-address 202.1.1.1 mask 255.255.255.255
[FW2-policy-security-rule-ike_out] source-address 202.1.2.1 mask 255.255.255.255
[FW2-policy-security-rule-ike_out]service ike
[FW2-policy-security-rule-ike_out]service esp
[FW2-policy-security-rule-ike_out] action permit
[FW2-policy-security]rule name ike_in
[FW2-policy-security-rule-ike_in] source-zone untrust
[FW2-policy-security-rule-ike_in] destination-zone local
[FW2-policy-security-rule-ike_in] source-address 202.1.1.1 mask 255.255.255.255
[FW2-policy-security-rule-ike_in] destination-address 202.1.2.1 mask 255.255.255.255
[FW2-policy-security-rule-ike_out]service ike
[FW2-policy-security-rule-ike_out]service esp
[FW2-policy-security-rule-ike_in] action permit
到此,所有需要的策略都放通了,接着来验证一下吧,首先还是从PC1发起PING包,接着,在FW1查看会话表项,如下图
从上图可以看到,FW1上的会话表项数据包已经出现有去有回的,再看看IKE协商情况吧,如下图
从上图可看到,FW2上的会话表项也出现了PING包,证明了PC1到PC2已经连通了,如下图
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