本文节选自霍格沃兹测试开发学社内部教材

Toast 是 Android 系统中的一种消息框类型，它属于一种轻量级的消息提示，常常以小弹框的形式出现，一般出现 1 到 2 秒会自动消失，可以出现在屏幕上中下任意位置。它不同于 Dialog，它没有焦点。Toast 的设计思想是尽可能的不引人注意，同时还向用户显示信息希望他们看到。

测试 APP 下载地址：

https://github.com/appium/sample-code/raw/master/sample-code/apps/ApiDemos/bin/ApiDemos-debug.apk 1

首先将上面地址的 apk 包下载到本地，并安装到模拟器中；在模拟器中打开 API Demos，依次点击“Views”-“Popup Menu”-“Make a Popup”-“Search”，就会弹出消息提示框，如图：

image.png

(https://ceshiren.com/uploads/default/original/3X/5/2/5211c4ceb550e395462d3fab108bf4b9eb990ada.png "image")

上图中 “Clicked popup menu item Search” 就是 Toast，但它通常在页面上停留的时间只有 2 秒左右，通过 Appium Inspector 一般不容易获取到这个元素。

获取Toast

在模拟器中打开 API Demos 应用，依次点击 “Views”-“Popup Menu”-“Make a Popup”-“Search”，查看页面 Toast 元素。

示例代码如下：

<pre class="copy-codeblocks" style="font-family: Consolas, Menlo, Monaco, "Lucida Console", "Liberation Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 15.008px; display: block; position: relative; overflow: visible; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">`# 设置 capabilities
caps = {}
caps["platformName"] = "Android"
caps["appPackage"] = "io.appium.android.apis"
caps["appActivity"] = ".ApiDemos"

必须使用uiautomator2框架

caps["automationName"] = "uiautomator2"
caps["deviceName"] = "hogwarts"

与Appium Server 建立连接

driver = webdriver.Remote("http://localhost:4723/wd/hub", caps)

设置隐式等待

driver.implicitly_wait(5)

点击 Views

driver.find_element_by_accessibility_id("Views").click()

滑动页面

TouchAction(driver).press(380, 1150)
.move_to(380, 150).release().perform()

点击 Popup Menu 项目

driver.find_element_by_xpath(
"//*[@content-desc='Popup Menu']").click()

点击 Make a Popup

driver.find_element_by_xpath(
"//*[@content-desc='Make a Popup!']").click()

点击 'Search'

driver.find_element_by_xpath("//[contains(@text,'Search')]").click()
toastXPath = "//[@class='android.widget.Toast']"

打印 toastXPath

print(driver.find_element_by_xpath(toastXPath))

打印 toastXPath 获取的 text

print(driver.find_element_by_xpath(toastXPath).text)` </pre>

<pre class="copy-codeblocks" style="font-family: Consolas, Menlo, Monaco, "Lucida Console", "Liberation Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 15.008px; display: block; position: relative; overflow: visible; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">`@BeforeAll
public static void setUp() throws MalformedURLException {
DesiredCapabilities desiredCapabilities = new DesiredCapabilities();
desiredCapabilities.setCapability("platformName", "Android");
desiredCapabilities.setCapability("appPackage", "io.appium.android.apis");
desiredCapabilities.setCapability("appActivity", ".ApiDemos");
desiredCapabilities.setCapability("automationName", "uiautomator2");
desiredCapabilities.setCapability("deviceName", "hogwarts");

URL remoteUrl = new URL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub");
driver = new AndroidDriver(remoteUrl, desiredCapabilities);
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

}

@Test
public void toastTest() {
//点击 Views
driver.findElement(MobileBy.AccessibilityId("Views")).click();
//滑动页面
TouchAction action = new TouchAction(driver);
PointOption pressPointOne = PointOption.point(380, 1150);
PointOption movePointOne = PointOption.point(380, 150);
action.press(pressPointOne).moveTo(movePointOne).release();
//点击 Popup Menu 项目
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//[@content-desc='Popup Menu']")).click();
//点击 Make a Popup
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//[@content-desc='Make a Popup!']")).click();
//点击 'Search'
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//[contains(@text,'Search')]")).click();
By toastXPath = By.xpath("//[@class='android.widget.Toast']");
//打印 toastXPath
System.out.println(driver.findElement(toastXPath));
//打印 toastXPath 获取的 text
System.out.println(driver.findElement(toastXPath).getText());
}` </pre>

这里定位 Toast 使用了 Xpath 表达式进行定位，因为 Toast 的 class 属性比较特殊，在当前页面上一般会出现一次 class=“android.widget.Toast” 的元素，所以使用 Xpath 定位方式搭配隐式等待就可以很轻松的可以定位到。

查看执行结果

image.png