意识是什么？（《泛意识论》之2）What is consciousness?（PanConsiousnism Part 2)
需要一个意识的一般理论，可以涵盖所有存在。We need a general theory of consciousness that can encompass all existence.
但我们所知道的有关意识的知识必然基于我们对人类意识的理解，因为人类意识是我们接触到的最直接的意识对象。 However, our knowledge about consciousness is inevitably based on our understanding of human consciousness, as human consciousness is the most direct object of consciousness that we come into contact with.
从人类意识特征总结出最基本的意识特征就是，意识是存在构造的整体涌现。Summing up the essential characteristics of human consciousness, we can say that consciousness is the emergence of the structure of whole parts.
意识是存在构造的整体涌现，这句话有三个基本要素，存在构造，整体和涌现。This statement has three basic elements: the whole parts, the wholeness of all parts, and emergence.
构造意味着有要素及其关联。对于人类意识而言，就是人体细胞，尤其是神经细胞及其关联。The structure means that there are parts and their correlations. For human consciousness, these are the cells in the human body, especially nerve cells and their connections.
整体，就意味着不是要素本身，也不是要素构造本身，而是要素构造的全部。对于人类意识而言，就是整个人体，而不是人体内的某些细胞。
Whole means that it is not the parts themselves, nor the structure of the parts, but the totality of the parts and their correlations. For human consciousness, this is the entire human body, and not just certain cells within the body.
涌现，意味着不是构造整体本身，而是这个整体涌现出来的另一种存在。对于人类意识而言，就意味着不是人体细胞关联本身，而是这些关联涌现出来的新特征。Emergence means that it is not the structure of the whole parts itself, but another form of existence that emerges from this whole. For human consciousness, this means that it is not the connections between human body cells themselves, but the new features that emerge from these connections.
综上所述，意识是存在构造整体所涌现出来的新特征。所谓新特征，就是相对于存在本身而言，是新的，不是原有存在自己，而是涌现出来的新存在。In summary, consciousness is the new feature that emerges from the whole constructed existence. This new feature, in relation to existence itself, is not inherent, but emerges from it.
这里引入一个概念，他生性。Here, we introduce a concept of "E-genesis" or "genesis-by others."
所谓他生性，也即是存在必有他生。意识的他生性就是构造整体的涌现，也就是说，意识生于存在构造的整体涌现。E-genesis refers to the fact that existence must be generated by others. The E-genesis of consciousness is the emergence of the constructed whole, which means that consciousness is born from the emergent whole of existing construction.
